Kommentar zu Maasrot 4:4
שׁוֹתִים עַל הַגַּת, בֵּין עַל הַחַמִּין בֵּין עַל הַצּוֹנֵן פָּטוּר, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. רַבִּי אֶלְעָזָר בְּרַבִּי צָדוֹק מְחַיֵּב. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, עַל הַחַמִּין חַיָּב, וְעַל הַצּוֹנֵן פָּטוּר:
Man kann [Wein] aus der Weinpresse trinken, ob [es ist gemischt] mit heißem oder kaltem Wasser, und [vom Zehnten] befreit sein, die Worte von Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Eliezer Bar Zadok verlangt [ihn zum Zehnten]. Aber die Weisen sagen: Mit heißem Wasser muss er den Zehnten geben, aber mit kaltem Wasser ist er befreit.
Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
שותין על הגת – and as for example, when he brought his head and most of his body inside, for one cannot make a decree lest he bring the utensil to him and he drinks outside of the winepress.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Introduction
Our mishnah deals with a person who wants to drink wine that he drew straight from the winepress.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
One may drink [wine] out of the winepress, whether [it is mixed] with hot or cold water, and be exempt [from tithes], the words of Rabbi Meir. In mishnaic times it was customary to mix wine with water before it was drunk. Rabbi Meir rules that mixing wine drawn straight from the winepress with water does not make it liable for tithes, whether it was mixed with hot or cold water.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
ר"א ב"ר צדוק מחייב – for he decreed lest he he take out from wine outside of the winepress.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
Rabbi Eliezer bar Zadok says he is liable. Rabbi Eliezer bar Zadok holds that mixing wine does make it liable for tithes, even in a case where the wine was drawn straight from the winepress.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Maasrot
על החמין חייב – which establishes it [as liable for tithing], because e is not able to return the surplus for he has ruined the wine that is in the winepress, but if he poured with cold [wine], he exempt for he can return the surplus, and the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Maasrot
But the sages say: with hot water he is liable [to tithe] but with cold water, he is exempt. When he mixes the wine with warm water, he won’t pour any left over wine back into the press because that might cause the cool wine in the press to be spoiled. Since he won’t pour any back the sages consider its processing to have been completed and therefore, the wine is liable for tithes. If it was mixed with cold water he might put the left over wine back and hence he can drink it without tithing.
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