Kommentar zu Kinnim 1:3
בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בְּחוֹבָה וּבִנְדָבָה. אֲבָל בְּחוֹבָה שֶׁנִּתְעָרְבָה זוֹ בָזוֹ, אַחַת לָזוֹ וְאַחַת לָזוֹ, שְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, שָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ וְשָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ, מֶחֱצָה כָּשֵׁר וּמֶחֱצָה פָּסוּל. אַחַת לָזוֹ וּשְׁתַּיִם לָזוֹ, וְשָׁלשׁ לָזוֹ, וְעֶשֶׂר לָזוֹ, וּמֵאָה לָזוֹ, הַמֻּעָט כָּשֵׁר, בֵּין מִשֵּׁם אֶחָד, בֵּין מִשְּׁנֵי שֵׁמוֹת, בֵּין מֵאִשָּׁה אַחַת, בֵּין מִשְּׁתֵּי נָשִׁים:
In welchem Fall wurden diese Worte [Regeln in der vorherigen Mischna] angegeben? Wenn obligatorisch [Vogelopfer] und gespendet [Vogelopfer wurden gemischt]. Aber wenn obligatorische [Vogelopfer] miteinander vermischt wurden, ein [Paar] von dieser einen [Frau] und ein [Paar] von dieser einen [Frau], zwei [Paare von dieser einen [Frau] und zwei [Paare] von diese eine [Frau], drei [Paare von dieser einen [Frau] und drei [Paare] von dieser einen [Frau]; Die Hälfte darf geopfert werden und die andere Hälfte ist ungültig. [Wenn jedoch] diese eine [Frau] ein [Paar] hatte und diese eine [Frau] zwei [Paare], [oder] drei für dieses eine, [oder] zehn für dieses eine [oder] einhundert für dieses eine , [nur] die geringere Anzahl [von Vögeln] darf [geopfert] werden. Ob [sie alle] aus einer Bezeichnung stammen oder ob [sie] aus zwei Bezeichnungen stammen [und] ob [sie alle] von einer Frau stammen oder ob [sie] von zwei Frauen stammen.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim
בחובה ובנדבה – that the couple of sacrificial birds of obligatory offering that some of them are sin-offerings and some of them were burnt-offerings were mixed up with the couple of sacrificial birds for free-will offering – all of which are burnt offerings.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kinnim
When is this so? When obligatory offerings [get mixed up] with voluntary offerings. The rules taught in mishnah two refer to cases where obligatory offerings (kinim) become mixed up with olot or hataot whose status has been determined.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim
אבל בחובה שנתערבה זו בזו – from the couple of birds concerning which it not been decided if it for the woman who just experienced childbirth or for a woman who experiences a flow of menstrual-type on three consecutive days during a time of the month in which she is not due to experience menstrual bleeding that became mixed up with a couple of sacrificial birds of a woman who experiences childbirth or that of another woman who experiences a flow of menstrual-type on three consecutive days during a time of the month in which she is not due to experience menstrual bleeding.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kinnim
When, however, obligatory offerings get mixed up one with another, with one [pair] belonging to one [woman] and the other pair to another [woman], or two [pairs] belonging to one and two [pairs] to another, or three [pairs] to one and three [pairs] to another, then half of these are valid and the other half disqualified. However, if obligatory offerings get mixed up and half of the total offerings belong to one person and half to another, then the priest can take half of the birds and offer half of them as hataot and the other half as olot. Let's take the simplest example, that of two kinim getting mixed up. If he offers one as a hatat and one as an olah, he is guaranteed to be correct. Because if one is from one ken and the other from one ken, then he has offered half of each ken. And if they are both from the same ken, then he has offered them properly. However, he can't offer two hataot or two olot, lest both birds belonged to the same woman and are part of the same ken. The same will hold true no matter how many kinim get mixed up, as long as the number brought by each person is the same.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim
מחצה כשר ומחצה פסול – and he (i.e., the priest) offers up only two from the four that are mixed up, one for a burnt offering and one for a sin-offering, and nothing additional. For if he (i.e., the priest) had made two burnt offerings, perhaps he would do them from one nest, and every couple of birds concerning which it has not yet been decided which is to be the burnt offering, and which is to be the sin-offering.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kinnim
If one [pair] belongs to one [woman] and two pairs to another, or three pairs to another, or ten pairs to another or one hundred to another, only the lesser number remains valid. If the numbers are uneven, then the priest can only offer according to the lower number. For instance, if one woman brought one ken and another woman brought two, he can only offer one hatat and one olah. For if he were to offer more than one olah or hatat, he might have offered both birds brought by the first woman as an olah (or hatat) and only one can be of each type. This same rule will hold true no matter how large the inequity. Even if one woman brings 100 pairs and one brings one, only two birds, one a hatat and one an olah, can be offered.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim
המועט כשר – if one couple of birds concerning which it has not yet been decided which is to be the burnt offering, and which is to be the sin-offering that was mixed up with two or three other couples of birds, he (i.e., the priest) is not able to offer up other than one set of birds, a single pigeon for a sin-offering and a single pigeon for a burnt-offering. But he (i.e., the priest) cannot make two burnt-offerings, lest he take the couple of birds that has been first selected for a woman who gave birth, who cannot make from it other than one for a sin-offering and one for a burnt-offering. And similarly, if ten couples of birds were mixed with one-hundred, he (i.e., the priest) does not offer up from all of them other than ten sets of birds, some of them for sin-offerings and some of them for burnt-offerings and he rest of them are invalid, and that which is the smaller thing is kosher/fit.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kinnim
Whether they are of the same denomination or of two denominations, or whether they belong to one woman or to two. Denomination refers to the reason why the woman had to bring a sacrifice. This shall be clarified in tomorrow's mishnah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim
בין משם אחד – one birth and another birth, a woman who experiences a flow of menstrual-type on three consecutive days during a time of the month in which she is not due to experience menstrual bleeding with another woman who experiences a flow of menstrual-type on three consecutive days during a time of the month in which she is not due to experience menstrual bleeding.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kinnim
בין משני שמות – a woman who has given birth with a woman who experiences a flow of menstrual-type on three consecutive days during a time of the month in which she is not due to experience menstrual bleeding, whether from two women whether from one woman, as will be explained further on.
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