Es ist verboten, Senf oder wilden Safran in der Nähe eines Getreidefeldes zu säen, aber Senf oder wilder Safran dürfen in der Nähe eines Gemüsefeldes gesät werden. Man kann [verschiedene Arten] in der Nähe eines Brachfeldes, eines gepflügten Feldes, eines [losen] Steinzauns, einer Straße, eines zehn Handbreiten hohen Zauns, eines zehn [Handbreiten] tiefen und vier [Handbreiten] breiten Grabens säen , ein Baum, der den Boden überschattet [seine Äste sind weniger als drei Handbreiten über dem Boden] oder ein Felsen, der zehn [Handbreiten] hoch und vier [Handbreiten] breit ist.
English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
Introduction
In yesterday’s mishnah we learned that it is permitted to plant one row of flax next to a field of grain. In today’s mishnah we learn that one is not allowed to do so with mustard or safflower.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
They may not sow mustard or safflower close to a field of grain, but they may sow mustard or safflower close to a vegetable field. Mustard and safflower are dangerous to a vegetable field and therefore the owner will eventually uproot them. Since this is not a beneficial arrangement, one is allowed to sow them there. However, since these seeds are not damaging to grain, he may not sow even a single row next to a grain field.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kilayim
And they may sow close to fallow land or to plowed land, or to a wall made with loose stones, or to a path, or to a fence ten handbreadths high, or to a trench ten [handbreadths] deep and four wide, or to a tree forming a tent over the ground, or to a rock ten [handbreadths] high and four wide. In this section of the mishnah we learn that if there is a break between one field and another, he can plant one species next to a different species. For instance, if there was fallow land or plowed land separating two fields, he can plant two different species next to each other. A wall, even if its stones are only loosely piled on top of each other, a path, fences and ditches that are ten handbreadths high or deep and four handbreadths wide, also all serve as separators, preventing a problem of kilayim. The tree which forms a tent over the ground refers to a tree whose branches lie low to the ground. If one species is planted under the branches, he can plant another species outside of the branches, because the branches themselves serve to separate the two species. Finally, a rock ten handbreadths high and four wide also serves as a separator.
