Wenn jemand das Gelübde seiner Frau annimmt, eine bestimmte Frucht nicht zu essen [wie wenn sie sagt: "Ich schwöre, diese Frucht nicht zu essen", und er hält sie aufrecht], sendet er sie aus und gibt ihr ihre Kethuba. R. Yehudah sagt: Mit einem Israeliten hält er sie eines Tages und am zweiten sendet er sie aus und gibt ihr ihre Kethuba. Und mit einem Cohein hält er sie zwei Tage und am dritten schickt er sie hinaus und gibt ihr ihre Kethuba. [Die Halacha stimmt nicht mit R. Yehudah überein.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
אחד מכל הפירות – such as for example, she said, “I take a vow against consuming this produce,” and it is fulfilled for her.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
Introduction
Whereas in yesterday’s mishnah the husband tried to prevent his wife from benefiting from his property, in today’s mishnah he takes a to try to prevent her from eating any produce whatsoever. This is obviously a much more expansive vow.
We should note that the Talmud explains this mishnah as a case where the wife took the vow not to eat a certain fruit and the husband did not annul the vow, as is his right (see Numbers 30:11-15). The reason why the Talmud explains the mishnah in this way is that a person can never take a vow to forbid another person to do something if it has nothing to do with his (the one who vowed) property. In other words while Reuven can take a vow that Shimon can’t eat any of Reuven’s bread, Reuven cannot take a vow that Shimon can’t eat bread. Therefore, our mishnah must deal with a case where the woman vowed and the man did not break the vow.
I will explain the mishnah more according to its words than its explanation in the Talmud. If we understand the mishnah without the Talmud’s explanation, we will need to conclude that a husband can take a vow to forbid his wife from doing anything; however, if he does so he will need to divorce her immediately.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
ר' יהודה אומר כו' – and the Halakha is not according to him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
If a man forbade his wife by vow from tasting any kind of produce he must divorce her and give her the ketubah. According to the first opinion in the mishnah, if a man vows that his wife cannot eat any type of produce, he must divorce her immediately. In this case he is not given any cooling off period, because his vow was so damaging.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
Rabbi Judah ruled: if he was an Israelite he may keep her [as his wife, if the vow was] for one day, but must divorce her and give her the ketubah [if it was for] two days. If he was a priest he may keep her [as his wife, if the vow was] for two days, but must divorce her and give her the ketubah [if it was for] three. Rabbi Judah gives the man a day to cool off (and two for a priest, who cannot remarry his divorcee) but no more. Again, since the vow was so inclusive, and she can only go for so long without eating produce, he must divorce her quite quickly.
