Kommentar zu Keritot 1:4
אֵלּוּ מְבִיאוֹת וְאֵינוֹ נֶאֱכָל. הַמַּפֶּלֶת וְאֵין יָדוּעַ מַה הִפִּילָה, וְכֵן שְׁתֵּי נָשִׁים שֶׁהִפִּילוּ, אַחַת מִמִּין פְּטוּר וְאַחַת מִמִּין חוֹבָה. אָמַר רַבִּי יוֹסֵי, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהָלְכוּ זוֹ לְמִזְרָח וְזוֹ לְמַעֲרָב. אֲבָל אִם הָיוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן עוֹמְדוֹת כְּאַחַת, מְבִיאוֹת קָרְבָּן וְנֶאֱכָל:
Diese [Frauen] bringen Opfer, die nicht gegessen werden. Eine, die eine Fehlgeburt hat, aber nicht weiß, in welcher Form sie eine Fehlgeburt hatte; in ähnlicher Weise zwei Frauen, die eine Fehlgeburt hatten, [eine] eine [Fehlgeburt] eines Typs, der von [einem Opfer] befreit ist, und eine [Fehlgeburt] eines Typs, der [ein Opfer] fordert, und die beiden wurden verwechselt. Rabbi Yose sagt: Wann ist das so? Wenn einer nach Osten und der andere nach Westen geht; Wenn die beiden jedoch zusammen bleiben, bringen sie jeweils ein Opfer, das gegessen wird.
Bartenura on Mishnah Keritot
ואין ידוע מה הפילה – it it is the form of a human being, and she is obligated but if it is [in the form of] fish or locusts and she is exempt. She brings a sacrifice of two turtle-doves – one for a burnt-offering and one for a sin-offering. On that of the sin-offering, she stipulates/makes a condition and states: if I gave birth to a species which is an obligation [to bring an offering], this will be for my obligation, and if not, let the burnt offering be a free-will donation. But regarding the sin-offering, she cannot make a stipulation/condition, for the sin-offering is not a free-will offering, and she brings it with doubt. But it is not consumed [by the priests] for perhaps she does not have an obligation to bring a sacrifice, and the pinching of the bird’s neck is like a mere carrion. But because of non-sacred things in the Temple
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English Explanation of Mishnah Keritot
Introduction
In today’s mishnah we learn of cases in which a woman brings a sacrifice but the sacrifice is not eaten. In all of these cases there is doubt whether she is liable for a sacrifice: therefore she brings (just in case she was liable) but the sacrifice cannot be eaten (in case she was not liable).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Keritot
The following bring an offering which is not eaten:
A woman who miscarries but does not know what the miscarriage was, If she doesn’t know whether the form of the fetus which she miscarried is something over which one must bring a childbirth sacrifice (see yesterday’s mishnah) or not, then she brings a sacrifice but it is not eaten.
A woman who miscarries but does not know what the miscarriage was, If she doesn’t know whether the form of the fetus which she miscarried is something over which one must bring a childbirth sacrifice (see yesterday’s mishnah) or not, then she brings a sacrifice but it is not eaten.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Keritot
Or if two women who have a miscarriage, one of a kind which did not render her liable [to an offering], and the other of a kind that does render her liable [to an offering]. In this case two women miscarry; one miscarries a fetus that renders her liable for a sacrifice and one miscarries something that does not render her liable. However, the women don’t know who miscarried what (I know this sounds really absurd). Both women are in the category mentioned in section one (doubtful whether they are liable), and therefore both bring a sacrifice and neither sacrifice may be eaten.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Keritot
ואחת מין חובה – flat-fish shaped abortion or an afterbirth/placenta, and it is not known which obligatory species she had aborted, Everyone brings two turgtle-doves and it is not eaten.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Keritot
Rabbi Yose said: When is this so? This applies only if one went towards the east and the other towards the west, but if both remained together they bring [together] one offering which is eaten. Rabbi Yose modifies what was stated in section two. That ruling applies only to a case where two women gave their sacrifices to a priest and he is not sure which of the sacrifices came from the woman who was really liable. If they are not around to ask them who gave birth to what, then neither sacrifice can be eaten. However, if they remain together, then together the two of them can bring one sacrifice and stipulate that it is brought on behalf of the woman who is actually obligated.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Keritot
אימתי – it is not eaten.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Keritot
בזמן שהלכו – when they brought the couple of sacrificial birds to the Kohen and went on their way, and they are not able to designate/stipulate, but if both of them stand as one, they bring one sin-offering and make the stipulation/designation between them, “behold this one is mine [and your part is forgiven/renounced].” But if you are the one who is liable [to bring the sacrifices], “behold it is yours [and my part is forgiven/renounced],” and that sin-offering is offered and consumed [by the priest]. For especially, the sin offering that comes as a result of a sin, the condition/stipulation does not take effect for it, as it is written (Leviticus 4:28): “or the sin of which he is guilty is brought to his knowledge, but here, when the women bring a sacrifice to be permitted in the eating of Holy Things, that can bring it and make the stipulation/designation. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yosi.
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