Kommentar zu Kelim 2:5
כִּסּוּי כַּדֵּי יַיִן וְכַדֵּי שֶׁמֶן, וְכִסּוּי חָבִיוֹת נְיָרוֹת, טְהוֹרִין. וְאִם הִתְקִינוֹ לְתַשְׁמִישׁ, טְמֵאִים. כְּסוּי הַלְּפָס, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהוּא נָקוּב וְיֶשׁ לוֹ חִדּוּד, טָהוֹר. אִם אֵינוֹ נָקוּב וְאֵין לוֹ חִדּוּד, טָמֵא, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מְסַנֶּנֶת לְתוֹכוֹ אֶת הַיָּרָק. רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר בַּר צָדוֹק אוֹמֵר, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא הוֹפֶכֶת עָלָיו אֶת הָרוּנְקִי:
Die Deckel von Wein- und Ölkrügen sowie der Deckel von Papyrusgläsern sind nicht anfällig für Verunreinigungen, aber wenn sie für eine andere Verwendung angepasst wurden, sind sie anfällig. Wenn der Deckel eines Schmortopfs ein Loch hat oder wenn er eine spitze Oberseite hat, ist er nicht anfällig für Unreinheit. Wenn es kein Loch gibt oder es keine spitze Oberseite hat, ist es anfällig, weil sie das Gemüse hinein abtropft. Rabbi Eliezer ben Zadok sagt: Weil sie den Inhalt darauf herausstellt.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כיסוי כדי יין וכו' – and all who use the covering with earthenware vessels, is pure, for it is written (Leviticus 11:33): “And anything on which one of them (i.e., an article of wood, or a cloth, or a skin or a sack) falls into/תוכו an earthenware vessel, everything inside it shall be unclean,” but this is not inside it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Introduction
Our mishnah deals with the covers of various types of vessels.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
וכיסוי חביות נייריות (and covers of a papyrus jars) – for the sake of their place, and for something remarkable it was taken, because it was for a covering of their jars a receptacle, and there are those who have the reading "והניירות"/and for the papyrus, that is to say, the papyrus that they bring into them the mouth of the flask (i.e., bottle with a wide belly and a narrow neck).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The covers of wine jars and oil jars and the covers of papyrus jars are not susceptible to impurity But if he adapted them for use as receptacles they are susceptible. Generally, the covers of wine, oil and papyrus jars are not susceptible to impurity because they are not usually used as receptacles. However, if one fixes them in such a way that they can be used as receptacles, then they take on the characteristic of being able to receive impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הלפס – like a tightly-covered stew-pot/אלפס. A large pan that they cook meat and vegetables in it. And they use it as a covering for earthenware. But when it is perforated, it is not appropriate for anything, and even when it is not perforated, but it (i.e., the lid) has a pointed knob (which prevents the use of it separately as a receptacle) it is not able to sit because of the pointed knob, but when it is not perforated, even if it doesn’t have a pointed knob, it is impure, for it is appropriate to turn it over and to cause it to stand, and a woman places into it vegetables to filter/drain it and to drain the water from it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The cover of a pot: When it has a hole or it has a point, it is not susceptible to impurity, But if it does not have a hole or a pointed top it is susceptible because she drains the vegetables into it. Rabbi Eliezer bar Zadok says: because she turns out the contents [of the pot] on to it. If the cover of a cooking pot has a hole in it, or has a pointed lid, then it cannot be stood on its reverse side so as to contain the contents of the pot. Since it can't be used as a receptacle, it is not susceptible to impurity. However, if it does not have a hole or a pointed top, the person (assumed by the Mishnah to be a woman) might use the top as a colander for her vegetables (the lid does not have sides, so the water goes out the side). Since it holds the vegetables, it is susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Eliezer bar Zadok agrees that in this case the lid is susceptible to impurity but provides a slightly different explanation. When the woman turns over the pot, she uses the lid to hold in the contents of the pot while the water goes out the side. I think that this is something we still do when we make pasta.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הרונקי (contents of a pot upturned and emptied – on a flat vessel to cool off) – the vegetables after they have been cooked and attached to each other and they have become one body, are called רונקי, and it is a Greek word.
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