Wann werden Ledergefäße anfällig für Verunreinigungen? Ein Lederbeutel, sobald er seinen Saum näht, seine rauen Enden glättet und seine Träger macht. Rabbi Yehudah sagt: Sobald er seine Ohren macht. Eine Lederschürze [wird anfällig für Verunreinigungen], sobald er ihren Saum näht, ihre rauen Enden glättet und ihre Fäden macht. Rabbi Yehudah sagt: Sobald er seine Schleifen macht. Eine Lederbettdecke [wird anfällig], sobald er den Saum näht und die rauen Enden glättet. Rabbi Yehudah sagt: Sobald er seine Gurte macht. Ein Lederkissen oder eine Matratze [wird anfällig], sobald er seinen Saum näht und seine rauen Enden glättet. Rabbi Yehudah sagt: Sobald er es vernäht und weniger als fünf Tefachim offen lässt .
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
תורמל ([leather] bag) – a large leather pouch/bag that the shepherd places food and all things. And it is similar to it, but not the shepherd with his sack/bag.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Introduction
Today's mishnah begins to deal with leather vessels and when they become susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
קיחותיו (shepherd’s bag) – its rims, like kinds of small ears/handles surrounding the leather bag, and he puts into those handles ropes that they close it with.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
When do leather vessels become susceptible to impurity? A leather pouch, as soon as its hem has been stitched, its rough ends trimmed and its straps sewn on. Rabbi Judah says: so soon as its ears have been sewn on. A leather pouch's manufacturing is completed once its hem has been stitched, its rough ends trimmed and the straps used to cinch it up are sewn on. Note that this is similar to the rule regarding baskets that we learned in yesterday's mishnah. Rabbi Judah says that the processing is complete once its two "ears" or handles have been sewn on. Throughout this mishnah Rabbi Judah seems to give a later stage as the time when the item is susceptible to impurity. This means his opinion is more lenient.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
סקורטיא (leather coat, apron, table cover) – leather that the tanners wear at the time of their work.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A leather apron [becomes susceptible to impurity] as soon as its hem has been stitched, its rough end trimmed and its strings sewn on. Rabbi Judah says: as soon as its loops have been sewn on. The rule and the debate between the first opinion and Rabbi Judah concerning a leather apron are nearly identical to that which was in section one.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ציציתה (show-fringe) – like a kind of ritual fringes/Tzitzit of a Tallit/prayer shawl. So, we make the threads on its corners to tie attach them. But Maimonides explained, that סקורטיא, is leather that we eat upon, and its show-fringes is in the middle of the leather that we place upon it a foil/plate of metal for adornment, the language of the golden front plate (ציץ הזהב), which is a foil/plate of gold.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A leather bed cover [becomes susceptible] as soon as its hem has been stitched and its rough ends trimmed. Rabbi Judah says: as soon as its straps have been sewn on. The straps to which Rabbi Judah refers are used to attach the bed cover to the bed. Note that leather bed covers, cushions and mattresses do not have receptacles and therefore we would think that they should not be susceptible to impurity (see 15:1). However, they are susceptible because a vessel made for sitting or lying is susceptible even without a receptacle.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טבעותיה – a copper or iron ring that they place on the edge of the leather coat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A leather cushion or mattress [becomes susceptible] as soon as its hem has been stitched and its rough ends trimmed. Rabbi Judah says: as it has been sew up and less than five handbreadths remained open. Rabbi Judah says that the cushion or mattress is not susceptible until most of it has been sewn up so that it can be stuffed with whatever cushioning will go inside.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
קטבליא (leather curtain, spread, cover – hide spread over the bed frame) – leather that they spread over the bed. And they call it NATAH in Arabic. And flat leather vessels are susceptible to receive ritual defilement from the Rabbis alone, like flat wooden utensils, and their law is similar in that they are not susceptible to receive ritual defilement from Torah, but rather from the Rabbis in all of the rest of the defilements except for the uncleanness caused by an unclean person lying o an object and the uncleanness caused by an unclean person’s sitting (i.e., the unclean seat) which ae made uncleanness by lying and uncleanness by sitting from the Torah when they are designated for this.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הכר והכסת – a mattress is smaller than a cushion, and is made to place under their heads. But the cushion [is made to be placed] underneath all of his body.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
פחות מחמשה טפחים – they leave over/reserve because of the opening to bring in from there the hackled wool/lint/soft spongy substance to fill the mattress and the cushion.
