Was häufiger ist als sein Nachbar, geht seinem Nachbarn voraus [es wird geschrieben (Numeri 28:29): "Abgesehen vom morgendlichen Brandopfer des täglichen Brandopfers." Wenn es geschrieben steht "das morgendliche Brandopfer", warum ist es notwendig, "das tägliche Brandopfer" anzugeben? Aber die Tora lehrt uns hiermit, dass alles, was häufiger ist, Vorrang hat] und wer heiliger ist als sein Nachbar, geht seinem Nachbarn voraus. [Denn so finden wir bei einem Cohein, von dem geschrieben steht (3. Mose 21: 8): "Und du sollst ihn heiligen", und wir sagen: (Es ist für den Cohein), zuerst (den Segen der Tora) zu öffnen, und zuerst die Gnade zu segnen und zuerst einen auserlesenen Teil zu nehmen.] Wenn der Ochse (Sühne für) den gesalbten Priester und der Ochse (Sühne für) die Gemeinde warten (um geopfert zu werden), der Ochse der Der gesalbte Priester hat in all seinen Verfahren Vorrang vor dem Ochsen der Gemeinde. [Da der Cohein "büßt für" und die Gemeinde "gesühnt" wird, liegt es nahe, dass der "Sühnopfer für" Vorrang vor dem Sühnopfer haben sollte, und so steht es geschrieben (ebd. 16:17): "und er wird Sühne für sich selbst und für seinen Haushalt und für die gesamte Gemeinde Israels leisten. "]
Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
התדיר מחבירו הוא קודם – as Scripture states (Numbers 28:23): “You shall present these in addition to the morning portion of the regular burnt offering.” For since it is written, “the morning portion of the regular burnt offering,” why does it mention “the regular burnt offering?” But, because the All-Merciful stated – because it is more frequent, it precedes it in the first part [of the verse].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Horayot
Introduction
This mishnah teaches which sacrifice takes precedence over other sacrifices, in a case where both are ready to be sacrificed.
The importance of this mishnah is that it does not just give specific rules for precedence in sacrificial law, but teaches general principles, which are still applied today, especially in laws of prayer.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
וכל המקודש מחבירו וכו' – for so we find with the Kohen as it is written concerning him (Leviticus 21:8): “and you must treat them as holy,[since they offer the food of your God; they shall be holy to you, for I the LORD who sanctify you am holy],” and we say to open first [with the Torah reading] and to bless first (with the invitation to the group to recite the Birkat HaMazon/Blessing after the Meals) and to take the first nice portion.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Horayot
Whatever is more frequent than another takes precedence over that other; And whatever is more sacred than another takes precedence over that other. If the bull of the anointed priest and the bull of the congregation are standing [to be sacrificed], the bull of the anointed priest precedes that of the congregation in all its details. Something that is frequently done is performed before something else that is not frequently done. This is learned from the fact that in the morning the tamid burnt offering is sacrificed before any of the special festival sacrifices are offered. Since the tamid is a daily offering and is therefore frequent, it takes precedence over less frequently offered sacrifices. We should note that this principle seems somewhat counterintuitive. A person would naturally be more inclined to do first that which is special, more unusual, and only afterwards do what is regular and routine. Judaism teaches that it is the routine which takes precedence and not the special occasion. Through this mishnah, we learn to appreciate not just what is ordinary, but to take note of the importance of those things that we do regularly. We should not allow their frequency to diminish their significance. A couple of examples where this principle is still evoked. During Shabbat and festival kiddush, one first recites the blessing over the wine and only then the blessing over Shabbat. This is because the blessing over the wine is more frequent than the blessing over the Shabbat. Another example: in morning prayers we recite a psalm for each day of the week. On Rosh Hodesh (the first day of the new month) we also recite a special psalm. The psalm that is recited for the day of the week is done first, because it is more frequently recited than the one for Rosh Hodesh.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Horayot
פר משיח קודם – for since the anointed bull atones and the community atones, and it is by law that what atones comes prior to that which obtains atonement. And similarly, Scripture states (Leviticus 16:17): “When he has made expiation for himself and his household”, and afterwards,“for the whole congregation of Israel.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Horayot
In cases where one cannot apply the previous rule, then the rule is that whatever is more sacred comes first. We will see an application of this principle in the next section, and in the next mishnah.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Horayot
If the bull that is offered by the high priest for an errant ruling, and the bull that is offered by the community for their having followed the errant ruling of the court are both waiting to be sacrificed, the bull of the high priest takes precedence. This is because the high priest is more sanctified than the general populace, and also because he brings atonement for others (see Leviticus 4:16), whereas they are just being atoned for. This is also hinted at in Leviticus 16:17, “And he (the high priest) will make expiation for himself and his household, and for the whole congregation of Israel.” He takes precedence over all of Israel.
