R. Yehudah sagt: [Er sollte kein Gehege für den Brunnen machen, das größer ist als] bis Beth Sa'atayim (die Größe eines Feldes, das zwei Sa'ah Samen erfordert). Sie sagten zu ihm: Sie sagten "Beth Sa'atayim" nur für einen Garten oder einen Karpef, [die nicht zum Wohnen dienen. Ein Karpef ist ein großes Gehege außerhalb der Stadt, in dem Holz gelagert wird.] Aber in einem Stall [auf den Feldern (heute hier; morgen dort), um das Feld mit Tiermist zu düngen] oder einem Sachar ( ein Gehege) [für Tiere in der Stadt (einige lesen es "sahar" (ein Gefängnishof)] oder ein Muktzeh [ein Raum hinter dem Haus] oder ein Chatzer [ein offener Raum vor dem Haus]—sogar (in) fünf kur ist es erlaubt (zu tragen), sogar in zehn kur. [Denn all diese dienen zur Besiedlung. Und ebenso die Brunnenbretter. Da das Wasser von Männern getrunken werden kann, wird eine echte (menschliche) Funktion erfüllt.] Und es ist erlaubt, (die Bretter) weiter und in beliebiger Entfernung zu platzieren, solange er Bretter hinzufügt. [Das heißt, so wie man all das oben Genannte tragen kann, das zum Wohnen dient, selbst wenn sie so groß wie zehn Kur sind, so kann man das Gehäuse von Brunnenbrettern so weit bewegen, wie er möchte. Und das ist die Halacha.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
רבי יהודה אומר עד בית סאתים – He should not make a large partition to the cistern other than up to a space of two Se’ahs (i.e., a Bet Se’ah is 2500 square cubits; two S’eah is 5000 square cubits).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
In yesterday’s mishnah we saw that there is no limit to how large the enclosure around the well may be, so long as the gaps are kept to a certain minimum. In today’s mishnah, which is a direct continuation of yesterday’s, we will learn that this was the opinion of the sages whereas Rabbi Judah disagrees.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
לגנה ולקרפף – that their partitions are not for a living.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Judah says: [the enclosure may be only] as large as two bet se'ah. They said to him: they only prescribed [the limit of] two beth se’ah for a garden or a karpaf only, but if [the enclosure] was a pen, or sahar, a backyard or courtyard even if it is five or ten bet kor, it is permitted. And it is permitted to remove [the posts] to any [distance] provided one increases the posts. Rabbi Judah limits the size of the enclosure to two bet se’ah, which means a piece of land upon which one can grow enough wheat to produce a se’ah of grain. This is about 5000 square cubits (about 50 meters by 25 meters), the size of the mishkan (the tabernacle). The other sages respond to Rabbi Judah that the measure of 5000 square cubits does not apply to the halakhah about the enclosure surrounding a well, but rather applies to a garden or a karpaf, neither of which are enclosed as living spaces but rather to keep out animals or thieves. A karpaf is a large field behind a house or a courtyard or outside of a city which has been enclosed so that it can store wood. Since these are fenced in only to keep things out and not to keep things in, they have a relatively small minimum measurement. In contrast, things which are enclosed for those things which inhabit them, such as a pen, a sahar (a pen in the field to keep in the flocks), a backyard or a courtyard can be even the size of five or even ten bet kor. A kor is 30 se’ah, so this measure is significantly larger. The final clause of the mishnah is a repeat of the last clause in yesterday’s mishnah. Since the enclosure of a well is also enclosed for the use of those who wish to drink the water in the well, it to may be as large as one wants it to be. In summary, according to the sages there is a simple rule: if it is enclosed as a living space for either people or animals, the enclosure may be as large as one wants it to be. If it is enclosed to protect something stored inside, then the limit is two bet se’ah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
קרפף – a large partition outside of the city to place in there wood for storage.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
דיר – of cattle that they make in the fields, today on one side, and on the morrow on the other side, to fertilize it with the manure of the cattle.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
סחר – for cattle in the city and there are those that have the reading "סהר" – a prison.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
חצר – an open area in front of the houses.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מוקצה – a wide area in back of the houses and all of these surround the human dwelling place and these boards of the watering stations also, since their waters are appropriate for drinking by humans, it is a higher level of usage.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ומותר להרחיק כל שהוא – meaning to say that all of these that were surrounding living space, even large ones up to ten Kor, it is permissible to carry in them , so too, it is permissible to distance the circumference of the boards of the watering stations all that his heart desires, and such is the Halakha [as long as they add enough boards so that the space between two boards does not exceed thirteen and one-third cubits in every case].
