Kommentar zu Demai 6:5

המקבל זיתים לשמן – an Israelite who leased olive trees [to work on them as a tenant farmer] from a Kohen or from a Levite.

Introduction This mishnah deals with an Israelite who rents a field of olive trees from a priest or from a Levite in order to make oil and share the produce.

כשם שחולקין בחולין כך חולקין בתרומה – but even though that of above (Mishnah 4) it belongs to the owners, here it is different for he did not lease the land but rather [only] the trees, but the Rabbis did not make trees like the land.

[An Israelite] who rents olive trees [from a priest or a Levite] for [a share in the] oil: just as they divide the non-sacred produce, so they divide the terumah. In the first section of the previous mishnah we learned that when an Israelite rents a field from a Levite or priest, the Levite or priest first takes the tithes or terumah and then they split the remaining produce according to the plan. Here, in the case of olives the rule is different they split all of the produce, including the terumah and tithes according to the plan. The difference is that the oil will already be processed before it is given as terumah or tithes, in contrast to the grain which is given before it is made into flour. Since the Israelite renter is the one who makes the oil, he keeps part of the terumah and tithes and may subsequently give them to any priest or Levite he wants.

או למחצית שכר – that he would sell the oil and they would divide the profit/gain In the middle [from the sale].

Rabbi Judah says: an Israelite who rented [olive trees] from a priest or a levite for the oil for a share of half the profit, the tithes belong to the owner. Rabbi Judah disagrees and says that just as in the case of grain the owner who is a priest or Levites keeps all the terumah or tithes for himself, so too in the case of oil. Rabbi Judah sees no difference between the case in this section and that in yesterday’s mishnah.

המעשרות לבעלים – For Rabbi Yehuda made the olives like land. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.