Wenn ein unreines erstgeborenes Tier von einem Priester an einen Israeliten verkauft wurde und sich mit hundert anderen Tieren vermischt hatte; Wenn diese von hundert Personen geschlachtet wurden, gibt der Erstgeborene, der unter ihnen ist, sie alle frei [von der Verpflichtung, die sakerdotalen Gebühren zu zahlen]. Wenn sie alle von einer Person geschlachtet wurden, ist nur eines dieser Tiere frei. Eine Person, die für einen Priester oder für einen Nicht-Israeliten schlachtet, ist nicht verpflichtet, die Opfergaben zu bezahlen; Wenn er die Tiere in Partnerschaft mit einem dieser Tiere hatte, muss er sie markieren. Wenn ein Priester ein Tier [an einen Israeliten] verkauft und die Opfer reserviert, ist der Israelit nicht verpflichtet, sie zu geben. Sollte einer [Israelit] zu einem anderen sagen: Verkaufe mir die Eingeweide [dieser] Kuh, "und es gibt noch Opfergaben darin [nämlich den Schlund], er [der Käufer], muss er selbst dem Priester geben, und [der Verkäufer] muss ihm keinen Abzug vom Kaufgeld auf diesem Konto erlauben, aber wenn das Tier nach Gewicht gekauft wurde, muss der Käufer die sakerdotalen Gebühren zahlen und kann sie vom Kaufgeld abziehen.
Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
בכור שנתערב במאה – Our Mishnah is dealing with a firstling that came into the hand of a Kohen and a physical defect befell it while in the Kohen’s hand and he sold it to an Israelite with its physical defect. For if it had been a firstling in the hand of an Israelite prior to his giving it to the Kohen, why would we exempt all of them from priestly gifts? The Kohen should say to him: “If it is a firstling, all of it is mine, and if it is not a firstling, give me my gifts.” But, if had already come into the hand of the Kohen and he sold it with its physical defect to an Israelite, and it became mixed up with one hundred [unconsecrated animals], we exempt all of them from [being given] as priestly gifts, for each and every [person] can set himself aside and say to the Kohen: “Mine is the firstling, that he Kohen sold” and he is exempt from the gifts, and from the firstling, we don’t give gits for there can be no sanctity that occur to something [already] holy.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
A first-born got mixed up with a hundred other animals: If a hundred [and one] persons slaughtered them all, they are all exempt from the gifts. If one person slaughtered them all, only one animal is exempt from the gifts. As we learned in mishnah one, one is exempt from giving the priestly gifts from consecrated animals. This includes even a first-born that has a defect that allows one to slaughter the animal and eat it. The problem presented in our mishnah is that this first born was mixed up with many other non-sacred animals. If each animal was slaughtered by a different person, meaning each animal was owned by a different person, they are all exempt from giving the priestly gifts, because each person can claim that his animal was not the first-born. However, if they all belong to one person, then he must give the priestly gifts from all but one animal, for one animal is surely exempt.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
אחד שוחט את כולן פוטרים לו אחד – that it is impossible that the firstiling would not be one of them, and he is able to say, “this is it.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
If a man slaughtered an animal for a priest or a non-Jew, he is exempt from the gifts. An animal owned by a priest or by a non-Jew is exempt from the priestly gifts. If one slaughters an animal owned by a priest or a non-Jew for the priest or non-Jew the animal is exempt.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
צריך שירשום – that he should make on it a sign, that everyone will understand that the Kohen or the heathen have a joint-ownership in it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
If he had a share [in the animal] with them, he must indicate this by some sign. If a person jointly owned an animal with a non-Jew or priest, the animal is still exempt from the priestly gifts. However, in order that people should know why gifts are not being given from this animal, he must make a sign on the animal that it is jointly owned by someone who is exempt.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
ואם אמר לו – if the Kohen told the Israelite: “I am selling you this cow, except for the [priestly] gifts that are within it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
If he said, “Except the gifts” he is exempt from giving the gifts. The next few sections deal with sales of animals. If a priest sells an animal to a non-priest and he says that he is selling the animal but not the gifts, (the shoulder, cheeks and stomach), then the Israelite does not need to pay the value of these parts of the animal because they were never his.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
פטור – the Israelite [is exempt] from giving the [priestly] gifts.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
If he said, “Sell me the entrails of a cow” and among them were the gifts, he must give them to a priest and [the seller] does not need to reduce the price. If a person tells a butcher to sell him the entrails of an animal, and among the entrails are gifts that must be given to the priest, the purchaser must give them to the priest and the seller need not reduce the price. This is because the purchaser knew that he was not going to get to keep all of that which he bought. In other words, it was already reckoned into the price.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
אמר לו – An Israelite [said] to his fellow, a slaughterer: “See me the intestines of this cow.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Chullin
But if he bought them from him by weight, he must give them to a priest, and [the seller] must reduce the price. However, if he buys by weight, then he is anticipating that all that he buys will be his. In this case, if the seller gives the buyer priestly gifts, he must reduce the price.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
והיו בהן מתנות -, the stomach, which is one of the [priestly] gifts.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
נותנו – takes this to the Kohen.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
ואין המוכר מנכה לו מן הדמים – for the purchaser knows that the [priestly] gifts are there, and this one did not sell him the stomach.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Chullin
לקח הימנו במשקל – So many Litra (pounds)., and he weighed for him the stomach and the purchaser gave it to the Kohen, for it was something stolen with him and he needed to return it, and the butcher would deduct for him from the monies, for he sold a thing that is not his. But if the ritual slaughterer sinned and did not give the [priestly] gifts from the animal,the eat is not forbidden for eating. But we excommunicate him. For even a Kohen who is exempt from the [priestly] gifts, if he is a butcher, that slaughters and sells it in the marketplace, we wait for him two or three weeks, and from then onwards, we remove from it the [priestly] gifts and give them to other Kohanim. But if he established a butcher house, we don’t wait for him, but rather remove it from him immediately bbut if he did not want to give them, we excommunicate him.
