Авот 5:19 Мидраш: Midrash Tanchuma, Midrash Tanchuma Buber & Bamidbar Rabbah

כָּל מִי שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּיָדוֹ שְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים הַלָּלוּ, מִתַּלְמִידָיו שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ. וּשְׁלשָׁה דְבָרִים אֲחֵרִים, מִתַּלְמִידָיו שֶׁל בִּלְעָם הָרָשָׁע. עַיִן טוֹבָה, וְרוּחַ נְמוּכָה, וְנֶפֶשׁ שְׁפָלָה, מִתַּלְמִידָיו שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ. עַיִן רָעָה, וְרוּחַ גְּבוֹהָה, וְנֶפֶשׁ רְחָבָה, מִתַּלְמִידָיו שֶׁל בִּלְעָם הָרָשָׁע. מַה בֵּין תַּלְמִידָיו שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ לְתַלְמִידָיו שֶׁל בִּלְעָם הָרָשָׁע. תַּלְמִידָיו שֶׁל אַבְרָהָם אָבִינוּ, אוֹכְלִין בָּעוֹלָם הַזֶּה וְנוֹחֲלִין בָּעוֹלָם הַבָּא, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (משלי ח) לְהַנְחִיל אֹהֲבַי יֵשׁ, וְאֹצְרֹתֵיהֶם אֲמַלֵּא. אֲבָל תַּלְמִידָיו שֶׁל בִּלְעָם הָרָשָׁע יוֹרְשִׁין גֵּיהִנֹּם וְיוֹרְדִין לִבְאֵר שַׁחַת, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (תהלים נה) וְאַתָּה אֱלֹהִים תּוֹרִידֵם לִבְאֵר שַׁחַת, אַנְשֵׁי דָמִים וּמִרְמָה לֹא יֶחֱצוּ יְמֵיהֶם, וַאֲנִי אֶבְטַח בָּךְ:

Все, кто обладает этими тремя качествами, являются учениками нашего отца Авраама; и (все, кто обладает) тремя другими атрибутами учеников нечестивого Билама: (если он обладает) хорошим глазом, смиренным духом и скромной душой, он из учеников нашего отца Авраама. [Он учился у него и ходил своими путями: «Хороший глаз»— довольствуясь тем, что у него есть, и не желая богатства других, как мы видим у Авраама, который сказал царю Содому (Бытие 14:22): «Ничего — от нитки до сандалии (я оставлю себе, и не возьму ничего твоего. "И смиренный дух" —превышение смирения, как мы находим с Авраамом, а именно. (Там же 18:27): «а я прах и пепел»; "и смиренная душа"—бдительность и отделение от похоти, как мы находим с Авраамом, а именно. (Там же 12:11: «Вот, теперь я знаю, что вы красивая женщина», не зная о ее красоте из-за его великой скромности.] (Если он обладает) сглазом, надменным духом и «Широкая» душа, он из учеников нечестивого Билама. [У Билама был «сглаз», зная, что в глазах Господа было зло, что он пошел в Валак, но все равно пошел ради награда, а именно (Числа 22:18): «Если Валак даст мне свой дом, полный серебра, золота и т. д.»; «и надменный дух» (говорит о себе) (там же 24:16): « речь слушателя слов Вседержителя и знающего знания Всевышнего ";" и "широкой" души ". Ибо, если бы он не был чрезвычайно похотлив, он не советовал бы бросать дочерей Моава к мудрости. И наши мудрецы сказали (Санхедрин 105а): «Билам жил со своим ослом».] В чем разница между учениками нашего отца Авраама и учениками нечестивого Билама? Ученики нашего отца Авраама едят в этом мире и унаследовать грядущий мир, как написано (Притчи 8:21): «У меня есть многое, чтобы завещать Моим возлюбленным [в грядущем мире], и их запасы заполню [в этом мире]]» [Авраам называется "любовником", а именно. (Исаия 41: 8): «семя Авраама, возлюбленного Моего».] Но ученики нечестивого Вилама наследуют Гехинома и спускаются в пропасть разрушения, как написано (Псалтирь 55:24): «И Ты, О Б-г, низвергни их в яму разрушения. Люди кровопролития [(например, Билам, который по его совету убил двадцать четыре тысячи израильтян)] и обман не должны вдвое сократить свои дни, но я буду доверять Тебе "

Midrash Tanchuma

(Numb. 22:12:) “Then God said unto Balaam, ‘You shall not go with them.’” He said to Him, “If so, I will curse them from where I am.”22Numb. R. 20:10. He said to him, (ibid., cont.) “You shall not curse the people.” He said to Him, “Let me bless them.” He said to him, “They do not need your blessing, (ibid., cont.) ‘for they are blessed.’” Similarly one says to a hornet, “None of your honey and none of your sting.” (Numb. 22:13:) “So Balaam arose in the morning and said to the ministers of Balak, ‘Go unto your own land….’” Balaam did not tell them, “The Holy One, blessed be He, did not give me permission either to go or to curse.” [He] simply [said] (ibid., cont.:), “’The Lord refused to let me go with you.’ He said to me, ‘It is not in accord with your honor to go with these people. Rather [you must go] with people greater then they,’ since He takes pleasure in my being honored.” (Numb. 22:14:) “So the ministers of Moab arose [and came unto Balak and said, ‘Balaam has refused to go with us.’]” Therefore (in vs. 15), “Once again Balak sent ministers, [more numerous and more honorable than the first ones].” (Numb. 22:16-17:) “Then they came unto Balaam and said to him, ‘Thus has Balak ben Zippor said, “[Please do not refrain from coming unto me.] For I will surely honor you greatly.”’” [Even] more than what you [wanted] formerly I will give you. Moreover, everything that you desire and whatever you ordain I will do. (Numb. 22:18:) “But Balaam answered and said unto the servants of Balak, ‘[Even] if Balak should give me his house full of silver and gold, [I could not transgress the command of the Lord my God to do less or more].’” From here you learn that he had three things. And they are an evil eye, a haughty spirit and a greedy soul:23See Avot 5:19. An evil eye, as it is written (in Numb. 24:2), “Then Balaam raised his eyes and saw Israel.” A haughty spirit, as it is written (according to Numb. 22:13), “for the Lord refused to let me go with you.” A greedy soul, as it is written (according to Numb. 22:18), “[Even] if Balak should give me [his house full of silver and gold].” [He said to Balak,] “If you sought to hire soldiers to fight against them, it is a question whether they would vanquish them or fail, [yet you would pay it]; is it not [then proper] that you would give it to vanquish [them with certainty]?” See you have learned that he sought this. (Ibid., cont.:) “I could not transgress [the command of the Lord my God].” [He was] prophesying that he could not annul the blessings with which the ancestors had been blessed by the mouth of the Divine Presence. (Numb. 22:19:) “Now you also please stay here tonight.” What is the meaning of “you also.” That in the end you will go in disappointment like the former [messengers]. (Ibid., cont.:) “So that I may know what else (rt.: ysp) the Lord may say to me.” Thus he prophesied that the Holy One, blessed be He, was going to multiply (rt.: ysp) blessings for them through him.

Midrash Tanchuma Buber

(Numb. 22:18:) BUT BALAAM ANSWERED AND SAID UNTO THE {PRINCES} [SERVANTS] OF BALAK: <EVEN> IF BALAK SHOULD GIVE ME <A HOUSE FULL OF SILVER AND GOLD, I COULD NOT TRANSGRESS THE COMMAND OF THE LORD MY GOD TO DO LESS OR MORE>. From here you learn that he had {a haughty spirit, an evil eye} [an evil eye, a haughty spirit], a greedy soul:26See Avot 5:19. An evil eye, since it is stated (in Numb. 24:2): THEN BALAAM RAISED HIS EYES AND SAW ISRAEL DWELLING TRIBE BY TRIBE. A haughty spirit, <since> (according to Numb. 22:13): <SO BALAAM AROSE IN THE MORNING AND SAID TO THE PRINCES OF BALAK: GO UNTO YOUR OWN LAND, FOR> THE LORD REFUSED TO LET ME GO WITH YOU. A greedy soul, <since> (according to Numb. 22:18): <EVEN> IF BALAK SHOULD GIVE ME [A HOUSE FULL OF SILVER AND GOLD].

Bamidbar Rabbah

“For I will honor you greatly, and anything that you say to me I will do, only please go curse this people for me” (Numbers 22:17).
“For I will honor you greatly” – I will give you more than what you have been accustomed to take in the past.
“Bilam answered and said to the servants of Balak: If Balak were to give me his house full of silver and gold, I would be unable to violate the directive of the Lord my God, to perform a small or a great matter” (Numbers 22:18).
“Bilam answered and said…If Balak were to give me his house full of silver and gold” – from here you learn that there were three characteristics in him: An evil eye, a haughty spirit, and a greedy soul. An evil eye, as it is written: “Bilam lifted his eyes, and saw Israel dwelling according to its tribes” (Numbers 24:2).25It would have been sufficient to write that he saw. The fact that it is prefaced by the lifting of his eyes indicates that in his jealousy, he sought to harm them with his evil eye. A haughty spirit, as it is written: “As the Lord refused to allow me to go with you.”26As explained above, Bilam claimed that God sought to honor him. A greedy soul, as it is stated: “Were Balak to give me his house full of silver and gold.” Had he sought to hire armies to wage war against them, it is uncertain whether they would have prevailed or fallen. Is it not worth his while to give that and ensure victory?27The midrash is explaining Bilam's line of reasoning. You learn that this is what he requested.
“I would be unable to violate” – he prophesies that he is unable to nullify the blessings that they were given by the Divine Presence.
“Now, please, you, too, remain here this night, and I will know what more the Lord will speak to me” (Numbers 22:19).
“Now, please, you, too, remain here” – what is “you, too”? Ultimately, you will go frustrated, like the first ones.
“I will know what more the Lord” – he prophesies that the Holy One blessed be He is destined to add blessings for them [Israel] through him.