Если были найдены деньги между (шофар для) шекалим и (шофар для) подарки —если это было ближе к "шекалиму", то оно идет к "шекалиму"; (если бы это было ближе) к «дарам», то к «дарам». [Ибо написано (Второзаконие 21: 3): «И будет город, ближайший к убитому и т. Д.» И, согласно мнению, что, когда «большинство» указывает в одном направлении, а «близость» - в другом, мы следуем «большинству», в нашем Мишне (как это понимается) случай, в котором суммы в «шекалиме» и «дары» равны.] Если это было равноудаленно, то это относится к «дарам» [которые имеют более высокий порядок, чем шекалим, все они идут за всесожжения, тогда как с «шекалимом» иногда жертвы за грех принесены, которые едят Cohanim. Кроме того, остатки шекалима идут на ремонт стен и его башен.] Между "деревом" и "ладаном"—если ближе к «дереву», то к «дереву»; если ближе к «ладану», то к «ладану». Если оно равноудалено, оно переходит в «ладан». [Ведь ладан сам по себе является жертвоприношением, тогда как древесина является всего лишь дополнительным предложением.] Между "кининами" и молодыми жертвами всесожжения "—если ближе к «кинину», то идет к «кинину»; если ближе к «всезнайкам, приносящим всесожжение», то они переходят к «недолеткам, приносящим всесожжение». Если равноудалены, то переходят к «недолеткам, приносящим всесожжение». [Йерушалми спрашивает: -представляя птенцов ", это идет к этому; поскольку, согласно закону Торы, близость является критерием, это как если бы это определенно произошло из-за этого (шофар). Но если оно найдено равноудаленным от обоих, где, будучи неуверенными, мы правим для высокопоставленных "всесожжения"—с чем обретет искупление женщина, принесшая эти деньги? Возможно, он выпал из обязательного кинина, и если за него приносят жертвы всесожжения, то как она искуплена? И они отвечают: Бет-Дин, назначенный над кинином, забирает у собрания сумму денег, которая была найдена, завещает ее владельцу найденных денег и жертвует кинином по возможности (что это было предназначено). за это), и жертва за грех не съедается.] Между Халлином и Маасером Шени—если ближе к хуллину, то идет к хуллину; если ближе к маасер шени, то идет к маасер шени. Если равноудалены, это идет к Ma'aser Шени. Это правило: мы следуем близости (даже) для мягкого решения и равному расстоянию для строгого решения.
Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
מעות שנמצאו. קרוב לשקלים יפלו לשקלים – for after what is near we follow, as It is written (Deuteronomy 21:3): “The elders of the town nearest to the corpse,” and the one who states majority and near, follows after the majority; our Mishnah establishes that such as a case when Shekalim and freewill donations are equivalent.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
Introduction
The first mishnah of this chapter deals with the status of coins found in between the money chests that were in the Temple (see above, chapter 6:5). The three mishnayot which follow will also deal with various items found in a certain place in which their status is uncertain. The rabbis seem to be enamored with this type of discussion how do we determine the status of something whose status is doubtful?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
מחצה על מחצה יפלו לנדבה – for they (i.e., freewill offerings) are more stringent than Shekalim, since they are all burnt offerings, but sometimes Shekalim are brought as sin-offerings which are consumed by Kohanim. But furthermore, the remnants of the Shekalim are used for the walls of the city and its towers.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
The general rule for this mishnah is found only at the end, but since it applies to the entire mishnah, I shall explain it now. If coins are found between two other groups of coins, they are considered to be of the status of the coins to which they are closest. This is true even if that creates a leniency, as we shall see as we proceed. However, if they are found equidistant between the two, then they go to the coins which are treated with greater stringency. In essence, this mishnah becomes a statement about which of two items is “more important” or at least which has to be dealt with with greater stringency.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
מחצה על מחצה יפלו ללבונה – for frankincense is itself a sacrifice but wood is the requirement of a sacrifice.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
Coins which were found between the [chest inscribed] “shekels” and the [chests inscribed] “freewill-offerings: Nearer to [the chest inscribed] “shekels”, they go to the shekels; [Nearer to the chests inscribed] “freewill-offerings”, they go to freewill-offerings; Half way in between, they go to freewill-offerings. In this case “freewill offerings” is more stringent since these coins go to purchase burnt offerings. Therefore, only if the coins fall closer to the “shekalim” chest, whose shekels are used for various purposes (see above 4:1-2), are the coins considered “shekalim.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shekalim
מחצה על מחצה יפלו לגוזלי עולה – In the Jerusalem Talmud (Shekalim 19a), it raises an objection: it is all right if it is closer to young pigeons for burnt offerings, since according to the Torah, we follow after that which is nearer as if they are definitively from the young pigeons for burnt offerings. But, if it is half-way between them, out of doubt, we cast them in a stringency to the young pigeons for burnt offerings, but the woman who brought these monies, with what shall she gain atonement? For perhaps, they fell from obligatory bird-offerings and when you offer from them pigeon burnt-offerings, with what shall the woman gain atonement? And it (i.e., the Jerusalem Talmud) responds that the Jewish court that is appointed over the bird-offerings takes from the community [offerings] according to those monies that were found and causes them to be acquired by the owners of the monies that were found and they offer from them bird-offerings on the doubt, and the sin-offering will not be consumed.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
[Coins which were found] between [the chest inscribed] “wood” and [the chest inscribed] “frankincense”: Nearer to [the chest inscribed] “wood”, they go to the wood; [Nearer to the chest inscribed] “frankincense”, they go to frankincense; Half way in between, they go to frankincense. “Frankincense” is considered more stringent, or in this case important, than “wood” because the frankincense is itself a type of sacrifice while the wood is only an instrument used to burn other sacrifices.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
[Coins which were found] between [the chest inscribed] “bird-offerings” and [the chest inscribed] “young pigeons for burnt-offerings”: Nearer to [the chest inscribed] “bird-offerings” they go to bird-offerings; [Nearer to the chest inscribed] “young pigeons for burnt-offerings”, they go to young pigeons for burnt-offerings; Half way in between, they go to young pigeons for burnt-offerings. The chest for “young pigeons for burnt offerings” is considered more stringent because all of the money in this chest goes for burnt offerings. In contrast, the money in the chest inscribed with “bird offerings” goes partly for burnt offerings and partly for sin offerings, as was the opinion of the sages above in 6:5. Since only part goes for burnt offerings, money found halfway in between the two chests goes to the chest marked “young pigeons for burnt offerings.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
[Coins which were found] between non-sacred [money] and [second] tithes [money]: Nearer to the non-sacred [money], they go to common [money]; Nearer to the [second] tithes [money], they go to [second] tithes; Half way in between, they are considered [second] tithes. This section has nothing to do with the chests in the Temple. The mishnah is now beginning to expand the discussion to general cases of money whose status is doubtful. If one has a pile of money that is not sacred and a pile of money that is “second tithe”, meaning that it is money which was used to redeem second tithe produce, coins which are found in between the two piles go to whichever pile they are closer to. If they are halfway in between then they go to second tithe because the rules governing second tithe are more stringent it can be used only in Jerusalem and only to buy food products.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shekalim
This is the general rule: the go to that which is nearer [even if this] is lenient; but if half way in between, [they must go] to that which is the more stringent. This is the general rule that governs all of the previous sections of the mishnah.
