Предметы одежды [которые были сняты] могут быть сложены [даже] четыре или пять раз [для того, чтобы носить их снова в тот день (то есть в субботу). И это только с одним человеком, но не с двумя, потому что они создают впечатление, что исправляют их. И с одним мужчиной, это также только с новыми предметами одежды, которые являются жесткими и не легко образуют складку. Но со старой одеждой их складывание еще больше увеличивает их, так что создается впечатление поправки. И с новой одеждой это тоже касается только белой одежды, но не цветной одежды. Для цветной одежды более заметно поправляется складывание. И с белой одеждой, это так, только когда у него нет других предметов одежды, чтобы переодеться; но если у него есть другие, чтобы переодеться в честь Шаббата, складывание запрещено.] И кровати могут быть расстелены с субботней ночи на Шаббат; но не из Субботы для Моцея Субботы (ночь после Субботы). Р. Ишмаэль говорит: Разрешается складывать одежду и расстеливать кровати из Йом Кипура в субботу [когда Йом Кипур падает в канун субботы, ибо (святость) субботы больше, чем (святости Йом Кипура)]; и жиры Шаббата приносятся в жертву в Йом Кипур, [но те, что в Йом Киппуре, не приносятся в жертву в Шаббат, последние как жертва (жертва) в будние дни в Шаббат.] Р. Акива говорит: [Они равны.] Субботу не приносят в жертву в Йом Кипур, а субботние не приносят в жертву в субботу. [Галаха соответствует Р. Акиве.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
מקפלין את הכלים – clothes that are spread out, one folds them even four and five times in order to return to wear them on that same day and they did not teach other than for one person, but not for two people, for it appears as if he is repairing/fixing them. But concerning one person, they did not speak other than for new clothes which are hard and don’t quickly crease/wrinkle, but old [clothing], which are folded and repaired more and it appears like we repair them. But on the new [clothing]also, we did not state this other than on white, but not on colored clothing, for the folding of colored clothing repairs them the most, but on white [clothing] also, we did not state other than if he lacks any other clothing to change into, but if he has other clothing to change into for the honor of the Sabbath, it is prohibited to fold them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
Since yesterday’s mishnah dealt briefly with clothing (a woman tying her clothing on Shabbat) today’s mishnah also deals with clothing.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
מיום הכפורים לשבת – when Yom Kippur occurs on the Eve of Shabbat since Shabbat is more stringent than Yom Kippur and that of Yom Kippur is not sacrificed on the Sabbath for it is considered a burnt-offering of a weekday on the Sabbath.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
One may fold clothing even four or five times, and spread the sheets on the beds on the Shabbat evening for [use on] Shabbat, but not on Shabbat for [use on] the day after Shabbat. This mishnah deals with preparing things on Shabbat for use either on Shabbat or after Shabbat. The first section teaches that one may fold clothing and spread sheets on a bed as long as the clothing or bed will be used on Shabbat itself. It is forbidden to fold clothes or spread sheets on a bed if they will not be used until after Shabbat. We may deduce from here that in general it is prohibited to prepare things on Shabbat that will not be used until after Shabbat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rabbi Yishmael says: one may fold clothing and spread the sheets on the beds on Yom Kippur for [use on] Shabbat, and the fat pieces of the Shabbat offering may be offered on Yom Kippur. Rabbi Yishmael allows preparing things on Yom Kippur which will not be used until Shabbat, since the sanctity of Yom Kippur is less than that of Shabbat. [Note, in today’s calendar which is fixed Yom Kippur cannot fall on Friday. In the time of the Mishnah the calendar was not fixed and hence this was possible.] Furthermore, if Yom Kippur falls on Sunday [this also can’t happen according to our fixed calendar] then Shabbat offerings that hadn’t been fully offered on Shabbat may be offered on Yom Kippur. However, if Yom Kippur were to fall on Friday, the Yom Kippur offerings could not be offered on Shabbat because Shabbat’s holiness is higher than that of Yom Kippur. On Shabbat only sacrifices that must be offered on Shabbat can be sacrificed.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
רבי עקיבא אומר – they (i.e., Yom Kippur and Shabbat) are equivalent and the sacrifice of one of them is not offered on its fellow, and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Akiba.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Rabbi Akiva says: those of Shabbat may not be offered on Yom Kippur, nor may those of Yom Kippur be offered on Shabbat. Rabbi Akiva thinks that the sanctity of Shabbat and Yom Kippur is equivalent. Therefore the offerings of one day cannot be offered on the other. All the more so would it be forbidden to fold clothes or spread bed sheets on one of these days in preparation for the other.
