Как написано (Второзаконие 13:17): «и все испорченные его соберешь на площади его и т. Д.» Если у этого нет квадрата, квадрат сделан для этого. Если его площадь находилась снаружи, то есть если место сбора людей города находилось снаружи, то она перемещается внутри него. (Там же.): «И ты будешь гореть огнем города и вся его добыча целиком, ибо Господь твой Бог»: «его добыча», а не добыча небес—Откуда он был правил: его освященные объекты должны быть выкуплены [то есть они не сожжены, но они требуют выкупа, как все освященные объекты.], его terumoth должны быть оставлены, чтобы испортить. [Гемара истолковывает это как пример Терумы в руках Кохейна, в этом случае он является собственностью Кохейна и подлежит запрету осужденного города. Однако терумот не был сожжен, как и остальная часть его добычи, не будучи униженным до такой степени. По этой причине их оставили испортить. И Терума в руке израильтянина - это «небесная добыча», и он передан кохейну в другом городе.] Его вторая десятину и его священные писания должны быть засекречены. [(«Вторая десятину» :) Несмотря на то, что он является достоянием израильтян, так как он называется «святым», он не сжигается, а секретируется.] (Там же): «целиком L-твой Б-г. " Р. Шимон говорит: Святой, да будет благословенно, Он сказал: Если вы совершите суд против осужденного города, я передам его вам, как если бы вы пожертвовали всесожжением «полностью» передо Мной. «И это будет куча навсегда; она не будет построена снова». Даже сады и огороды (там нельзя сажать). [«снова», что означает «полностью»] Р. Акива говорит: «Он не должен быть снова построен»: он не может быть восстановлен в своем первоначальном состоянии [с жильем], но там могут быть посажены сады и огороды. [Галаха соответствует Р. Акиве.] (Там же. 18): «И пусть твоя рука не прилипнет к ничему от добычи». Пока злые в мире, гнев в мире; когда нечестивые уходят из мира, гнев покидает мир.
Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
היתה רחובה חוצה לה – if the place of gathering the people of the city is outside of it, we bring them together into the city, for it is necessary to make for it a road inside it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
Introduction
Midrash six concludes the exegesis on the verses discussing the city seduced into idol worship.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
רחוב – a large thoroughfare.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
“And you shall gather all its spoil into the public square” (Deut. 13:17): if it had no public square, one is made for it; if the public square was outside of [the city], it is brought within it. The Torah states that the spoil must be brought into the public square. If the city did not have a public square, or the public square existed outside of the city limits, the court must build one before the sentence is carried out.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
הקדשות שבתוכה יפדו – that is to say, that they are not burned but the rquire redemption like the rest of the holy/dedicated objects.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
“And you shall burn with fire the city, and all its spoil as a whole burnt offering for the Lord your God” (ibid.): “And all its spoil”, but not the spoil of heaven. From here they said, the holy objects in the city must be redeemed and the heave offerings ( allowed to rot; and the second tithe and the sacred writings hidden. The spoil that is to be burned is property that belongs to people and not property that has in some way been sanctified. Therefore, things that were dedicated to the Temple are redeemed with money and the money is brought to the Temple. After having been redeemed the object is no longer holy and may be burned. The terumoth may not be burned while they are edible and therefore must be allowed to spoil. The second tithe and holy books may never be burned. In order to prevent people from using them they are hidden.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
ותרומות ירקבו – In the Gemara (Sanhedrin 112b) we establish it concerning priest’s due in the hands of a Kohen, for it is the money of the Kohen and a prohibition of the Apostate City takes effect upon it. However, the priest’s due is not burned like the rest of its booty, for we do not denigrate it all that much. Therefore, it should decay/rot, and if the priest’s due is in the hands of an Israelite, it is the booty of “On High” (i.e., God) and should be given to a Kohen that is in another city.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
“A whole burnt offering for the Lord your God”: Rabbi Shimon said: “The holy Blessed One declared, ‘If you execute judgment upon the seduced city, I will ascribe merit to you as though you had sacrificed to me a whole offering.’” The verse states that the spoil must be entirely burned. Rabbi Shimon compares this burning with the sacrificial burning of whole burnt offerings (olah). Although the burning of the spoil of a seduced city is not literally a sacrificial offering, since it is not offered on the altar, and most of the things being burned will not be fit to be offered on the altar, nevertheless Rabbi Shimon states that God will reward those who burn the spoil the same as He rewards those who offer sacrifices.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
ומעשר שני – even though it is the money of an Israelite, for it is eaten by an Israelite, since it is called, “holy” (see Deuteronomy 26:13), it should not be burned, but rather hidden away.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
“And it shall remain an everlasting ruin, never to be rebuilt”: it may not be made even into gardens and orchards, according to the words of Rabbi Yose the Galilean. Rabbi Akiva says: “Never to be rebuilt”: it may not be built as it was, but it may be made into gardens and orchards. Rabbi Yose the Galilean and Rabbi Akiva disagree with regards to the interpretation of the words, “never to be rebuilt”. According to the former nothing may ever be again built on that site. Rabbi Akiva understands the verse in a more minimalist fashion. The city may not be rebuilt exactly as it was; however, gardens and orchards may be built in its place.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
כליל לה' אלהיך – Rabbi Shimon said, we read [in our Mishnah] and we don’t read: “as it states, “every whit unto the LORD your God” (Deuteronomy 13:17).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
“Let nothing that has been doomed stick to your hand, in order that the Lord may turn His blazing anger and show you compassion” (Deut. 13:18): as long as the wicked exist in the world, there is blazing anger in the world; when the wicked perish from the world, blazing anger disappears from the world. The mishnah finishes with an exhortation stating that until these laws are fulfilled, God’s anger cannot be fully assuaged. According to the Talmud, the “wicked” refer to those who take from the spoil of the seduced city. For an illustration of how serious a crime taking from illegal spoil was considered to be read Joshua, chapter seven. There Achan takes from the spoil, and as a punishment God causes Israel to lose an important battle. It is not until Achan is executed that God’s anger is assuaged (see verse 26).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
לא תיעשה גנות ופרדסים – that furthermore, completely, is implied.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sanhedrin
Questions for Further Thought: • Why was taking from illegal spoil considered to be such a serious crime? Can you think of other Biblical stories that illustrate this point?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
כמו שהיתה – with the settlement in houses.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sanhedrin
אבל נעשית היא גנות ופרדסים – And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Akiva.
