Комментарий к Пара 11:3
דְּבֵלָה שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְתוֹךְ מֵי חַטָּאת וּנְטָלָהּ וַאֲכָלָהּ, אִם יֶשׁ בָּהּ כַּבֵּיצָה, בֵּין טְמֵאָה בֵּין טְהוֹרָה, הַמַּיִם טְמֵאִין, וְהָאוֹכְלָהּ חַיָּב מִיתָה. אֵין בָּהּ כַּבֵּיצָה, הַמַּיִם טְהוֹרִין, וְהָאוֹכְלָהּ חַיָּב מִיתָה. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, בִּטְהוֹרָה, הַמַּיִם טְהוֹרִים. הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת שֶׁהִכְנִיס רֹאשׁוֹ וְרֻבּוֹ לְתוֹךְ מֵי חַטָּאת, נִטְמָא:
Если фиговый пирог трумы упал в воды чата , и кто-то взял его и съел, если он [количество съеденного] содержал [объем], эквивалентный яйцу, [независимо от того, было ли оно чистым или нечистым, Воды нечисты, и едок несет ответственность за смертную казнь. Если в нем не содержится [объем], эквивалентный яйцу, вода чистая, и едок несет ответственность за смертную казнь. Раввин Йосе говорит: если бы оно было чистым, вода чиста. Тот, кто чист для чата , если он сует свою голову и большую часть своего тела в воды чата , он становится нечистым.
Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
אם יש בה כביצה – for a person who eats less than an egg’s bulk does not defile.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
Introduction
Today's mishnah deals with terumah figs that fall into hatat waters. There are two issues here: 1) is the water unclean by virtue of having contact with terumah figs? 2) What happens to one who eats the figs? Does he incur the normal penalty for eating impure figs death by the hands of heaven (meaning that a court does not carry out this death penalty)?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
בין הרה בין טמאה המים טמאים – for the purification of impure heave-offering next to the purification offering.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
Pressed figs of terumah which fell into hatat waters and were taken out and eaten: If the amount is the size of an egg, whether [the figs] were clean or unclean the water becomes unclean, and he who eats the figs is liable for death; If their size is less than the size of an egg, the water remains clean but he who eats them is liable for death. Rabbi Yose says: if they were clean the water remains clean. If the size of the pressed figs is greater than an egg, they defile the hatat waters, for terumah is not pure vis a vis hatat waters. The hatat waters then defile the figs. When the person takes the figs out, he becomes impure by virtue of contact with the hatat waters (because he was not pure enough before to have had contact with hatat waters). Finally, an impure person who eats terumah is liable for the death penalty. If there is less than the amount of an egg, then the figs do not defile the water. Nevertheless, when he has contact with the hatat waters, he becomes impure and an impure person who eats terumah is liable for the death penalty. The first opinion in the mishnah holds that all of the above is true whether the figs were pure or impure before they fell into the hatat waters. Rabbi Yose holds that pure terumah does not defile hatat waters. Therefore, if the figs are pure, they do not defile the waters.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
והאוכלה חייב מיתה – that was defiled in the waters of lustration at the time of his consuming it, and the heave-offering in the defilement of the body is [punishable] by death.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
If one who was clean for the hatat waters puts his head and the greater part of his body into the hatat waters, he becomes unclean. Hatat waters are waters that have been drawn from their source. The rabbis decreed that a person who puts drawn water on himself is impure (we shall discuss why when we learn Tractate Zavim 5:12). Our mishnah teaches that since hatat waters are also drawn waters, they too defile the person who puts his head and most of his body into them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
ר' יוסי אומר בטהורה המים טהורים – for Rabbi Yossi holds that the person who is pure for heave-offering does not defile the waters of lustration/purification water. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
שהכניס ראשו ורובו בתוך מי חטאת – the Rabbis decreed on all who come with their head and the majority of their body in drawn water, as is explained in the first chapter of Tractate Shabbat (see Mishnah 4), and it is one of the eighteen matters that they decreed on that day (i.e., the day when Rabban Gamaliel was removed as the President of the Academy – see Tractate Berakhot 28a) and these are the drawn waters of the waters of purification, therefore, when he placed his head and the majority of his body in them, he was defiled, and from when he was defiled, and he is not pure for the waters of purification, the waters of purification return and -defile him and he becomes first degree of ritual defilement, for the waters of purification defile the pure person to them, but he who is not ritual pure to them, they defile him.
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