Комментарий к Пара 10:4
הַטָּהוֹר לְחַטָּאת שֶׁנָּגַע בְּתַנּוּר, בְּיָדוֹ, טָמֵא. וּבְרַגְלוֹ, טָהוֹר. הָיָה עוֹמֵד עַל גַּבֵּי תַנּוּר וּפָשַׁט יָדוֹ חוּץ לַתַּנּוּר, וְהַלָּגִין בְּתוֹכוֹ, וְכֵן הָאֵסֶל שֶׁהוּא נָתוּן עַל גַּבֵּי הַתַּנּוּר וּבוֹ שְׁנֵי קְלָלוֹת, אֶחָד מִכָּאן וְאֶחָד מִכָּאן, רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין:
Тот, кто чист для чата , кто [затем] прикоснулся к духовке, своей рукой он нечист, своей ногой он [все еще] чист. Если он стоял на вершине духовки, и его рука была вытянута за пределы духовки и [держала] в ней кувшин [с пеплом], и аналогичным образом удилище [для хранения кувшинов] помещали на верхнюю часть духовки с двумя каллатами [ повешенный на нем, один на одной стороне, а другой на другой, рабби Акива считает их чистыми, а мудрецы считают их нечистыми.
Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
שנגע בתנור – and even if it is ritually pure for Holy Things, if the person who was clean for the purification rite touched the oven.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
One who was clean for the hatat waters and then touched an oven: With his hand becomes unclean, With his foot he remains clean. An oven is susceptible to midras impurity. However, it is not susceptible to corpse impurity and does not become a "father of impurity"which would cause it to defile people and vessels (see Kelim 8:6). Since the purity rules regarding an oven are different from other vessels, it does not have "madaf impurity" as do other vessels (see mishnah one). It is treated like food and liquids. If a person touches it with his hand, he is disqualified from performing the hatat ritual, but if with his foot, he is still qualified.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
טמא – and he requires ritual immersion for the purification/sin-offering, for the person who is clean for Holy Things invalidates the purification offering, and especially that he touched it with his hand, that his hands became defiled and his body became defiled. But by his foot, he is ritually pure, that his hand is served above, but his foot is not served above, similar to food and drink above (in the previous Mishnah).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Parah
If he stood on an oven and put out his hand beyond the oven with the flask in his hand, And so also in the case of a carrying-yoke which was placed over the oven and from which two jars were suspended one at either end: Rabbi Akiva says that they remain clean; But the sages say that they are unclean. In both of these cases, the person is standing on the oven but the flasks that contain the hatat waters are not directly over the oven. Rabbi Akiva holds that since they are not over the oven, they remain pure. The other sages treat the flasks as if they were directly over the oven. This puts them in an "impure place" and as we have seen elsewhere, if the ashes are in an impure place, they are defiled, even if technically the defilement should not have reached them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
והלגין בתוכו – a vessel that he put into it the waters of purification which is placed within his hand.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
וכן האסל (and similarly a yoke/pole carried on one or two shoulders) – a balancing pole/staff that they place wo pitchers on its two heads.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
ובו שתי קללות – two vessels that the ashes are placed in them, for one pitcher is tied to the head of the balancing pole/staff, and the other pitcher is tied on its second head, but now the person and the yoke/pole are on top of the oven, and the bottle/flagon and the pitcher that the water and the ashes are in them are outside of the oven.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
ר' עקיבא מטהר – that the vessel that contains the ashes does not stand on top of the oven, as it is in a pure place.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Parah
וחכמים מטמאין – since he person who carries I is standing on top of the oven, we consider the vessel as if it stands on top of the oven and it is placed in a ritually impure place. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Akiva (see also Talmud Shabbat 97b)
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