Комментарий к Микваот 10:6
בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, אֵין מַטְבִּילִין חַמִּין בְּצוֹנֵן וְלֹא צוֹנֵן בְּחַמִּין, לֹא יָפִים בְּרָעִים וְלֹא רָעִים בְּיָפִים. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מַטְבִּילִין. כְּלִי שֶׁהוּא מָלֵא מַשְׁקִין וְהִטְבִּילוֹ, כְּאִלּוּ לֹא טָבָל. מָלֵא מֵי רַגְלַיִם, רוֹאִים אוֹתָם כְּאִלּוּ הֵם מָיִם. מָלֵא מֵי חַטָּאת, עַד שֶׁיִּרְבּוּ הַמַּיִם עַל מֵי חַטָּאת. רַבִּי יוֹסֵי אוֹמֵר, אֲפִלּוּ כְלִי מַחֲזִיק כּוֹר וְאֵין בּוֹ אֶלָּא רְבִיעִית, כְּאִלּוּ לֹא טָבָל:
Бейт Шаммай говорит: «Горячие воды нельзя погружать в холодные воды, ни холодные воды в горячие воды, ни хорошие воды в плохих водах, ни плохие воды в хороших водах». Бейт Гилель говорит: они могут быть погружены. Если сосуд наполнен жидкостью [т.е. не водой] и кто-то погрузил его, он как бы не был погружен. Если он был полон мочи, это выглядит так, как будто это вода [и сосуд чист]. Если он был полон вод чата [воды, освященные пеплом красной телицы и использовавшиеся как часть ритуала очищения, он не является чистым], пока вода не превысит количество вод чата . Раввин Йосе говорит: даже если в сосуде, который может вместить кор [большая единица объема], есть только ревит.'это [меньшая единица объема любой из этих жидкостей, кроме воды], это как если бы она не была погружена.
Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
אין מטבילין חמין בצונן – that food and liquid do not have ritual purity in a Mikveh, but rather, only the water that had been defiled only, because of contact and connection between liquids, but contact between liquids is only effective in cases of one [kind of liquid] mixed with something similar, warm with warm, fresh [water] with fresh [water] and bitter [water] with bitter [water], but one type mixed with another type, the contact between liquids is not effective and the waters were not purified.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
Introduction
The first half of our mishnah discusses the purification of impure water through a process known as "kissing." This is when the edge of a vessel with impure water is brought up and allowed to "kiss" or "touch" a body of purifying water.
The second half deals with immersing a vessel that has some sort of liquid already in it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
מלא משקין – as for example, wine and oil and fruit juice and all liquids other than water.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
Bet Shammai say: hot water may not be immersed in cold, or cold in hot, foul in fresh or fresh in foul. But Bet Hillel say: it may be immersed. According to Bet Shammai, when one does "kissing" in order to purify water, both the pure and the impure water must be the same. If one is of a different temperature or a different quality from the other, then the immersion doesn't work. It is as if by having the waters touch, they become one body and this can only be true if they are of the same quality. Bet Hillel says that this is not essential. To Bet Hillel, all water is the same, be it foul or fresh, cold or hot.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
כאילו לא טבל – because they interpose. And especially, that their appearance didn’t change, that they were not abolished in the water.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
A vessel full of liquids which one immersed, it is as if it has not been immersed. If it was full of urine, this is reckoned as water. If it contained hatat waters, [it is unclean] unless the water [of the mikveh which enters the vessel] exceeds the hatat waters. Liquids other than water cannot be immersed in order to purify them. Therefore, a vessel full of liquid cannot be immersed. If the vessel is not full, however, it can be immersed because the water that enters swishes around and has contact with the whole vessel. Interestingly, urine is treated like water in this manner. A vessel can be immersed even if full of water. Hatat waters are the waters used in the red heifer purification ritual. If the vessel needs to be purified then the waters of the mikveh that enter the vessel must be greater than the hatat waters that are already in the vessel. In other words, the law is more stringent here than it is with other types of liquids.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
מלא מי רגלין רואין אותן כאילו הן מים – for urine is a kind of water, and when the waters of the Mikveh come in contact with them, a connection is made to them, and they do not interpose and the utensil is purified. But there are books that have the reading: "רואין אותן כאילו הם יין"/we see them as if they are wine, but if their appearance would change and they return to the appearance of water, they are nullified in the water and the utensil is purified. And like this reading is found in the Tosefta [Mikvaot, Chapter 7, Halakha 4].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Mikvaot
Rabbi Yose says: even if a vessel with the capacity of a kor contains but a quarter-log, it is as if it had not been immersed. Rabbi Yose adds that it doesn't matter how large the vessel is---if there is even a small amount of liquid in it, it cannot be immersed. Rabbi Yose seems to be speaking about all liquids, not just water. Whereas the previous opinion allowed the immersion of vessels with liquids in them, as long as the vessel wasn't full, Rabbi Yose is stricter. The vessel must be completely empty.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
מלא מי חטאת – water that had been sanctified in the ashes of the [Red] Heifer. And from them we sprinkle on those who are [ritually] impure through contact with the dead.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
עד ירבו המים על מי חטאת – that most of the utensil will be empty in order that the waters of the Mikveh that enter the utensil will be greater than the waters of purification [from the Red Heifer] that would be within it. For if not, he still remains in his [ritual] defilement and they (i.e., the waters) are like the rest of the liquids that interpose between the utensil and the waters of the Mikveh.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
כור – thirty Seah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
ואין בו אלא רביעית – waters of purification [from the Red Heifer], or the rest of the liquids.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Mikvaot
כאילו לא טבל – for Rabbi Yossi holds that a quarter [LOG] of liquids or a quarter [LOG] of waters of purification [from the Red Heifer], invalidate ritual immersion, and interpose even within a large utensil, until he removes the quarter [LOG] of liquids or of the waters of purification [from the Red Heifer] and he returns and immerses them empty. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yossi.
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