Если один представляет платежную ведомость своему соседу, а другой представляет [счет продажи, датированный после платежной ведомости], в том смысле, что первый продал ему свое поле, [говоря (в действительности): Ваш счет (из оплата) является подделкой, так как если бы я был должен вам, вы бы не продали мне свое поле, но потребовали бы ваш долг] —Адмон говорит: Второй может сказать: если бы я был перед вами в долгу, вы должны были забрать свой долг, когда продали мне поле. И мудрецы говорят: этот (первый) был «умным», продавая ему поле, чтобы иметь возможность взять его в качестве залога (за долг). [Ибо второй разогнал свое движимое имущество, так что первый не мог принять его в качестве залога за свой долг, и теперь он (первый) мог взять землю. В месте, где покупатель платит, а затем пишется акт купли-продажи, все согласны с тем, что продавец должен был сохранить деньги, которые он получил за свой долг, а не подписывать акт. Тот факт, что он написал это, является доказательством того, что он не в долгу перед ним. Разница (между Адмоном и мудрецами) возникает в том месте, где они пишут документ, а затем покупатель платит деньги. Адмон считает, что продавец должен сообщить (другим): «Я продаю его ему только для того, чтобы принять это в качестве залога». И мудрецы говорят: его неосведомление о других происходит из-за его опасений, что он выйдет, а другой не купит поле. Галаха в соответствии с мудрецами.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
והלה הוציא שמכר לו את השדה – the borrower brought out against him the latter bill of sale to the loan document and stats that your document is forged, or it is paid off , for if I had been liable to you, you would not have sold me the field that was yours to collect your lien.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
Introduction
In the scenario in this mishnah, Reuven takes out a document that says that Shimon owes him money. Shimon claims that he paid back the debt, but that he lost his receipt. The mishnah then discusses a possible clue that Shimon might bring to prove that he already paid Reuven back. Again, Admon and the Sages disagree.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
Bartenura on Mishnah Ketubot
זה היה פקח שמכר לו את השדה – because this one abandoned his movable property, and he did not have from where he could he could mortgage on his lien and now he takes the property. Bu in a place where the purchaser gives Zuzim/money and afterwards the writing of a bill/document of sale, everyone does not disagree that the seller should have tarried with his lien of the money that received and should not write for him the document and since he wrote it, it proves that he does not have a lien upon him, but they argue in a place where they wrote the document and afterwards the purchaser gives the Zuzim/money. Admon holds that he should have sent a declaration (especially a protest before witnesses against a forced or unduly influenced action): “I will not see you other than in order that I am able to mortgage it.” But the Sages state: the fact that he did not send a declaration because he was afraid lest the matter should become known and he would have been prevented from purchasing the field, and the Halakha is according to the Sages.
Ask RabbiBookmarkShareCopy
English Explanation of Mishnah Ketubot
If a man produced a debt document against another, and the latter produced [a deed of sale showing] that the former had sold him a field, Admon ruled: [The other] can say, had I owed you [anything] you should have been paid pack when you sold me the field”. But the Sages say: This [seller] was clever, since he may have sold him the land in order to be able to take it from him as a pledge. In this case, Reuven takes out a document which states that Shimon owes him money. In response, Shimon takes out a sale document which shows that Reuven sold him a field. Shimon says the fact that Reuven sold him a field and collected money from him, proves that Reuven didn’t believe that Shimon still owed him money. Had Reuven thought that Shimon owed him money, he should have taken out the debt document then and taken the money and not given him the field. Admon rules that Shimon’s words are accepted and that he does not have to repay the debt. However, the Sages rule that Reuven was clever. He may have sold Shimon the land so that later if Shimon defaulted on the debt, Reuven would be able to collect the land. In other words, the fact that Reuven sold him the land does not mean that Reuven didn't think that Shimon owed him money.
