Комментарий к Келим 22:4
כִּסֵּא שֶׁל כַּלָּה שֶׁנִּטְּלוּ חִפּוּיָו, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אַף מַלְבֵּן שֶׁל כִּסֵּא, טָמֵא. כִּסֵּא שֶׁקְּבָעוֹ בַעֲרֵבָה, בֵּית שַׁמַּאי מְטַמְּאִין, וּבֵית הִלֵּל מְטַהֲרִין. שַׁמַּאי אוֹמֵר, אַף הֶעָשׂוּי בָּהּ:
Стул для невесты, место которого было удалено: Бейт-Шаммай считает, что он по-прежнему подвержен загрязнению, а Бет Гилель - что он не подвержен воздействию. Правила Шаммая: даже каркас стула подвержен загрязнению. Стул, который был прикреплен к кормушке для замешивания - Бейт-Шаммай считает, что он подвержен загрязнению, а Бейт-Гилель - к чистоте. Правила Шаммая: даже тот, который сделан [таким образом изначально], подвержен нечистоте.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
שניטלו חפויט (that its seat boards/coverings were removed) – it is the language of covering that opens, like a kind of teeth that extend outward from all sides of the chair of the bride, and are made in order to support them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Introduction
Today's mishnah has two parts, each of which contains three opinions: Bet Shammai, Bet Hillel and Shammai. In both cases, Shammai rules more strictly than Bet Shammai. This is an interesting historical phenomenon. It might demonstrate that in the generation between Shammai and the founding of his eponymous school, his disciples began to be influenced by the leniencies of Bet Hillel. In other words, Bet Hillel's dominance, which we know of from a later historical period, already influenced the early Shammaites themselves.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בית שמאי מטמאין – for they are still fit for sitting.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A bride's stool which lost the coverings for the seatboards: Bet Shammai rules that it still susceptible to uncleanness, And Bet Hillel rules that it is clean. Shammai rules: even the frame of the stool is susceptible to uncleanness. A bride's stool is made up of a frame and seatboards placed on top of the frame. On top of the seatboards they would place coverings to make it more comfortable. Think of it as an ancient lazyboy (or lazygirl in this case). According to Bet Shammai, the stool without the coverings can still be used by normal people, and therefore it is susceptible to impurity. Bet Hillel disagrees and holds that since it is not fit for a bride, it is clean. Shammai says that even the frame alone is susceptible, because it can be sat upon in time of need.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ובית הלל מטהרין – for they are not fit for the bride, for it is like it is broken.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A stool which was fixed to a kneading-trough, Bet Shammai rules that it susceptible to uncleanness, And Bet Hillel rules that it is clean. Shammai rules: even one made out of it is susceptible to uncleanness. The mishnah now deals with a stool attached to a knead-trough. The kneading-trough itself is not susceptible to midras impurity, because it is not meant for sitting. According to Bet Shammai, the stool is not nullified vis a vis the trough and it remains susceptible to midras impurity. Bet Hillel disagrees, and holds that the stool is part of the trough. Shammai rules that even if the stool was originally made as an attachment to the kneading-trough, and was never made independently for sitting, it is still susceptible to midras impurity. Again, Shammai is stricter than Bet Shammai.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
אף מלבן הכסא טמא – meaning to say, that even the frame of the chair on its own, without the seat and without its cover is impure, all the more so that he chair without its covering is impure. The frame, is the form of square brick they make on the chair and they sit upon it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כסא שקבעו בעריבה (a chair that one affixed to a trough) – they brought a chair from another place and affixed it in a trough in the manner of his sitting. But the trough is not impure through treading. For it is appropriate for kneading.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בית שמאי מטמאין – for it did not annul the seat concerning the trough.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ובית הלל מטהרין – [makes it pure] from [impurity through] treading, for the seat is nullified concerning the trough. But concerning a seat made in the trough itself, the School of Shammai agrees with the School of Hillel that it is pure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ושמאי אומר – even the sea that is made inside the trough itself is impure through treading.
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