Комментарий к Келим 20:1
הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִים מִדְרָס. הַקְּלוּסְטָר, אַרְבָּעָה קַבִּין, הַתּוּרְמֵל חֲמֵשֶׁת קַבִּין, הַכְּרֵיתִית סְאָה. הַחֵמֶת שֶׁל שִׁבְעַת קַבִּין, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה אוֹמֵר, אַף הָרִבְצָל וְהַמִּזְוָדָה כָּל שֶׁהֵן, הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טְמֵאִין מִדְרָס. וְכֻלָּם שֶׁנִּפְחֲתוּ, טְהוֹרִים, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁבָּטַל הָעִקָּר, וּבָטְלָה הַטְּפֵלָה:
Подушки, покрывала, мешки и упаковочные чехлы, которые были повреждены, все еще подвержены загрязнениям мидры [передается сидя или лежа]. Мешок с кормом, который может вмещать четыре кава , пастушья сумка, которая может вмещать пять кав , дорожная сумка, в которой можно хранить se'ah , кожа, которая может вмещать семь кав , добавляет раввин Иегуда: также сумка для специй и Пищевой кошелек, который может содержать наименьшее количество, подвержен примесям мидры . Если какой-либо из них был поврежден, он становится чистым, поскольку, если первичная функция аннулируется, вторичная функция также аннулируется.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הכרים (mattresses) – made to be filled with wool or feathers/down, a a person places them underneath his head.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Pillows, bed coverings, sacks and packing cases that were damaged are still susceptible to midras uncleanness. All of these items were originally made for two purposes to contain something within, and to lie or sit upon. Pillows and bed coverings contain feathers, but they are mostly made for lying or sitting upon. Therefore, they are susceptible to midras impurity (impurity conveyed by sitting, lying or leaning). Sacks and packing cases are mostly for containing things, but from the outset they also are intended to serve as seats or ground coverings. Therefore, even if they are damaged and cannot be used to hold the things that they originally held, they are still susceptible to midras impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
והכסתות (cushions) – they ae like mattresses, but they are long and large, and the entire body of a person lies on them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A fodder-bag that can hold four kav, a shepherd's bag that can hold five kav, a traveling bag that can hold a se'ah, a skin that can hold seven kav, Rabbi Judah adds: also a spice-bag, and a food wallet that can hold the smallest quantity are susceptible to midras uncleanness. The mishnah now lists a number of types of bags, and provides a minimum amount that each must hold in order for it to be susceptible to impurity. If it cannot hold this amount, it is not useful and therefore is clean. In addition, since these things can also be used as a seat, they are also susceptible to midras impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מרצופין (packing bags, leather bags, sacks – adapted for ship-loads) – like a species of large leather sacks that they place in them goods that they take on ships.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If any of them was damaged it becomes clean, since if the primary function ceases the secondary function also ceases. In contrast with the bags listed in section one, these bags have a main purpose to carry things inside them. Sitting is only a secondary function. Therefore, if they are damaged and can no longer carry things, they are no longer susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הרי אלו טמאים מדרס – fo all of these are used also for lying.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
קלוסטור (basket – fodder basked used instead of a muzzle) – a kind of folded basket that they suspend in the mouth of an animal, and they put in it fodder and barley-corn and the animal eats when it is walking.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
תורמל – a large leather pocket that the shepherd places there all of his belongings.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כריתית (a leather bag containing one Se’ah) – a small leather bag.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
רבצל (small bag for perfumes, spices) – small leather bag that they place spices in.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מזודה (traveling bag containing provisions) – a vessel that they place in it food/provisions for travel. The Aramaic translation of "צידה" – is "זוודין" – travel bag.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הרי אלו טמאים מדרס – all of these that are taught in the Mishnah, if each of them has the measurement that is explained with them or more, they defile through treading/Midras, and they are used for lying with their work/task. But not with less than the defined measure [of the Mishnah].
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
נפחתו טהורין – for all of these are made to receive/hold things, that the receptacle prepares them and designates them to be fit for lying and sitting, and when it becomes damaged/worn out, the primary purpose which is reception is annulled , and for that purpose it was called a vessel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ובטלה הטפלה – which is defilement by treading.
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