Комментарий к Келим 14:4
הַטְּמֵאִין שֶׁבָּעֲגָלָה, הָעֹל שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, וְהַקַּטְרָב, וְהַכְּנָפַיִם הַמְקַבְּלוֹת אֶת הָרְצוּעוֹת, וְהַבַּרְזֶל שֶׁתַּחַת צַוְּארֵי בְהֵמָה, הַסּוֹמֵךְ, וְהַמַּחְגֵּר, וְהַתַּמְחוּיוֹת, הָעִנְבָּל, וְהַצִּנּוֹרָה, וּמַסְמֵר הַמְחַבֵּר אֶת כֻּלָּן:
Части вагона, которые чувствительны к примесям: металлическое ярмо, поперечина, боковые части, которые удерживают ремни, железный пруток под шеями крупного рогатого скота, шест, шип, подносы, колотушка, крючок и любой гвоздь, который скрепляет любые его части.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
העול של מתכת טמא – that flat metal vessels are susceptible to receive ritual impurity.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Introduction
The next two mishnayot deal with the parts of an ox-pulled wagon that are susceptible to impurity and the parts that are not.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
קטרב (a cross-piece in front of yoked animals or the pin fastening the ropes of the yokes to the poles) – there are two pieces of wood – from this side from the yoke and from that side from the yoke, and they are perforated, and they bring into that perforation a piece of wood which is called a קטרב, and they tie it so that they cattle will not be detached/loosened. But Maimonides explained, that a קטרב is wood hat that is stretched on the two sides of the animals, and the yoke is in the middle.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The parts of a wagon that are susceptible to impurity: the metal yoke, the cross-bar, the side-pieces that hold the straps, the iron bar under the necks of the cattle, the pole-pin, the metal girth, the trays, the clapper, the hook, and any nail that holds any of its parts together. Rather than explain what each of these things exactly is (I'm not even sure I could explain), I think it is better to simply point out that all of these vessels serve indispensable functions on the wagon. Without them, the wagon will not function properly. Therefore, they are all susceptible to impurity. In other words, functional and necessary vessels are susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
והכנפיים (wings/side pieces that hold up the straps) – they are two ends of a קטרב. From the language of על כנפי בגדיהם/”on the corners of heir garments”(Numbers 15:38) and they are of iron.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
המקבלות את הרצועות – that is to say, if the ends of the קרטב were made to receive the straps, they are ritually impure, for they are considered a vessel. But if they were made for adornment, they are ritually pure, because it is metal that is servicing the wood.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
והברזל שתחת צוארי בהמה – they tie iron on the necks of the animals in order that they should not choke with the cord that they tie upon it the קטרב.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הסומך (the pin for attaching the pole to the wagon – or the ring suspended from the yoke and pulled over the front end of the pole) – in the middle of the yoke there is a kind of large ring, and through it enters the head of the plough/strigil and the head of the wagon, and that ring is called a סומך.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מחגר (the rope around the neck of the animal tied to the wagon – or the prin fastening the yoke to the pole to prevent the wagon from vacillating) – a cord that they tie underneath the neck of the ox. And there are those who have the reading והמסגר (enclosure), and it is a peg that they place at the end of the yoke in order that the wagon not deteriorate/be perverted because of the length of the yoke.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
תמחויות (the partitions in a wagon for freight or baggage; a cavity in the yoke) – like a kind of small dishes of the yoke and they are called תמחויות.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ענבל (clapper of a bell) – it is the iron that strikes within the body of the bell/clapper.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
צנורא (hook, pin) – a hook that they insert in a load that is on the wagon so that it doesn’t fall.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ומסמר המחבר את כולם – that is to say, every nail that is made to attach the sections/links of the wagon one to the other. This excludes the nails that are not made to attach, but are only for adornment. For those do not defile.
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