Какова (необходимая) сумма (для чума эрув)? Достаточно для двухразового приема пищи для каждого (участвующего в эруве) [Так как он приобретает там жилье, он должен разместить там пищу, необходимую ему для субботы.], Свою еду для рабочего дня, а не для субботы. Это слова Р. Меира. Р. Иегуда говорит: в субботу, а не в будний день. И оба (Р. Меир и Р. Иегуда) намерены быть снисходительными (в своем правлении). [Р. Меир считает, что в субботу человек ест больше, потому что еда вкуснее. И Р. Иегуда считает, что, поскольку в Шаббат человек ест три раза в день, он не ест много каждый раз, так что два раза в неделю - больше, чем два субботних приема.] Р. Йоханан б. Б'рока говорит: буханка для мудреца, четыре саа для села [т. Е. Буханка, купленная для знатока, когда четыре сала пшеницы продаются за села. Четыре саа - это двадцать четыре кавина, а села - двадцать четыре маха, что есть кав для каждой махи. Маа это два пундиона—так что буханка, продаваемая на рынке за пуделя, стоит пол кава. А владелец магазина получает половину в качестве заработной платы за выпечку и измельчение, так что хлеб, купленный у владельца магазина за головку, составляет четверть кава, то есть шесть яиц, а кава - двадцать четыре яйца. И это количество двухразового питания (необходимое) для эрува по Р. Йоханану б. B'roka. Галаха соответствует ему.] Р. Шимон говорит: две трети буханки из трех кав. [Он уменьшает количество, говоря, что для эрува достаточно двух третей буханки из трех хлебов каву. Целая буханка из восьми яиц - это треть кава. Две трети этого— пять и третьи яйца —это двухразовое питание.] Половина для дома с местом чумы. [Это анонимная Мишна, и ее следует понимать таким образом: половина полной буханки, согласно оценке обоих (Р. Йоханан б. Брока и Р. Шимон), составляет сумму (критерий) "пребывания "в доме с чумным пятном. Для того, кто входит в дом с очагом чумы, хотя он сразу становится нечистым, он не обязан стирать свою одежду до тех пор, пока он «не пребывает» там достаточно долго, чтобы есть, «достаточно долго, чтобы есть», понимаемый как достаточно долго, чтобы есть. полбуханки. По словам Р. Йоханана б. Б'рока, который говорит, что целый хлеб - это четверть кава, то есть шесть яиц, половина из которых - три яйца, - это "прас" (половина хлеба) во всем Талмуде. И по словам Р. Шимона, который говорит, что целый хлеб - это треть кава, то есть восемь яиц, половина из которых четыре яйца, это «прас» всего Талмуда. И хотя Р. Шимон считает, что целый хлеб содержит три приема пищи (две трети из хлеба, составляющего два приема пищи по Р. Шимону), это относится к эруву, где намерение должно было быть снисходительным, так что два полных питание не требовалось. Но во всех других местах Р. Шимон считает, что прием пищи - это не менее половины буханки из трети кава, причем употребление этого буханки, четырех яиц, является критерием.] Половина половины, чтобы сделать тело непригодный. [Если человек ест половину пор нечистой пищи, его тело становится нечистым из-за раввинских таинств по отношению к поеданию терумы. Полтора прас это яйцо с половиной, согласно Р. Йоханан б. Б'рока и два яйца по Р. Шимону.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מזון שתי סעודות לכל אחד – because he acquires his Sabbath camp/place to be the center of Sabbath movements there, he needs to leave there some food that he needs for Shabbat.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
This mishnah discusses the minimum measure of food which is need for a Shabbat border eruv.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
אלו ואלו מתכוונים להקל – Rabbi Meir holds that on Shabbat a person eats more because it is the basis of his cooking (which is why he preferred as his standard the food that he consumes on a weekday). But Rabbi Yehuda holds that since on Shabbat he eats three meals, he doesn’t eat a great deal at each meal, but the two meals of a weekday is more than two meals of the Sabbath [day].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
What is the minimum measure [for Shabbat border eruvin]? Food for two meals for each person, for weekdays and not for Shabbat, the words of Rabbi Meir. Rabbi Judah says: for Shabbat and not for weekdays. And both intended to give a leniency. According to Rabbi Meir, the eruv must consist of enough food for two weekday meals. Rabbi Judah says the food should be enough for Shabbat meals and not weekday meals. Seemingly we would think that a person eats more on Shabbat than during the week, so Rabbi Judah would be stricter than Rabbi Meir. However, the mishnah says that both intended to be lenient. In order to understand this, we need to explain that the eruv’s minimum measurement was set according to the amount of bread eaten at a typical meal. According to Rabbi Meir, on Shabbat one eats a lot of different types of food and a lot of bread to accompany the food. Therefore, on Shabbat one eats more, and the minimum amount of food for the eruv is set according to the bread eaten during the week, a lesser amount. According to Rabbi Judah, since on Shabbat there are many side dishes a person eats less bread than he would during the week when there are less side dishes. Therefore, Rabbi Judah sets the minimum amount of bread for the eruv according to what one eats on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
ככר בפונדיון – a loaf that is purchased for a Pundiyon (equal to 16 perutot/pennies or 2 Issar) – when they sell four S’ah of wheat to a Sela, and four S’ah are twenty-four Kabin, and the Sela is twenty-four M’ah, it is found that it is a Kab for each M’ah and the M’ah is two Pundiyon, behold that a loaf that is sold in the marketplace for a Pundiyon which is one-half of a Kab, and the storekeeper buys half for the cost of the baking and the milling, it is found that the loaf that is purchased from the storekeeper for a Pundiyon is one-quarter of a Kab which is six eggs, for the Kab is twenty-four eggs in volume, and they are the measurement of two meals of the Eruv according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Berokah. And the Halakha is according to him.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka says: not less than a loaf that is purchased for a pondium when the price of wheat is four se’ah for a sela. Rabbi Yohanan ben Baroka gives a minimum amount of bread that must be used for the eruv. This amount of bread is what is sufficient for two meals. It is the size of a loaf that can be bought for one pundion (a coin) when 4 se’ah (24 kav, a measure of volume) of wheat are sold for a sela (a coin worth 48 pundion). If we do the math, we can see that a kav of wheat is bought for two pundionim, meaning that one pundion will buy half a kav of wheat, which according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Baroka is sufficient for two meals.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
רבי שמעון – [he] reduces the requisite measure and states that it is enough to make an Eruv with two-thirds of a loaf of the size of three loaves to the Kab. And a complete loaf [of bread] of eight eggs is one-third of a Kab. But two-thirds of it which are five eggs and more (i.e., one-third) is for two meals.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Shimon says: two thirds of a loaf, when three [loaves] are made from a kav [of wheat]. Half of this loaf is the size prescribed for a leprous house, and half of its half is the size that disqualifies one’s body [from eating terumah]. According to Rabbi Shimon, two meals are equivalent to two-thirds of a loaf when three loaves are made from a kav of wheat. A loaf is therefore 1/3 of a kav and 2/3 of a loaf is two meals. This is a smaller amount than that set by Rabbi Yohanan ben Baroka. Rabbi Shimon now mentions two other halakhot which are connected to the size of a loaf of bread he mentioned above. Half of this loaf, meaning 1/6 of a kav is related to the laws of an infected (leprous house). One who stays in the house long enough to eat a loaf of bread of this size is impure. Half of this, meaning 1/12 of a kav is relevant to disqualifying someone from eating terumah. This means that a person who eats 1/12 of a kav of impure food cannot eat terumah until he immerses in a mikveh.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
חציה לבית המנוגע – this [section] is an anonymous Mishnah, and this is what he said: Half of a full loaf [of bread] that they estimated/measured whether according to the one (Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka) or the other (Rabbi Shimon), is the measurement for a delay/pause in a leprous house, for a person who enters into a house where there is within it the plague of leprosy, even though becomes immediately ritually defiled, he does not require the washing of his clothes until he waits in order to eat, and this half-loaf [of bread] is in order that he can eat. But for Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka who stated that a full loaf which is a quarter of a Kab – being the volume of six eggs, it is found that half of that is three eggs, and it this is a piece/certain quantity of bread [or half a loaf] (see Tractate Negaim, Chapter 13, Mishnah 9), that is in the entire Talmud. But for Rabbi Shimon who stated that a full loaf [of bread] is one-third of a Kab, which is eight eggs, that half is four eggs, and this is a piece of bread/half a loaf in all of the Talmud according to Rabbi Shimon. But even though that Rabbi Shimon holds that in a full loaf [of bread] are three meals, for the two-thirds that Rabbi Shimon mentions – is for two meals, these words concern an Eruv that they intended for it, to be lenient, and there is no need for two complete meals. But in all the rest of the places, Rabbi Shimon thinks that a meal is not less than one-half of a loaf of one-third of a Kab, and we require that he wait/delay [the time it takes] in order that he can eat this half-loaf which is four eggs.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
חצי חציה לפסול את הגויה – that the person who consumes impure foods equivalent to one-half of a piece of bread, his body is defiled according to the Rabbis from eating heave-offering/Terumah (if he is a Kohen). And half of a piece of bread is an egg-and-a-half [in volume] according to Rabbi Yohanan ben Beroka and two eggs [in volume] according to Rabbi Shimon.
