Comentário sobre Terumot 9:1
הַזּוֹרֵעַ תְּרוּמָה, שׁוֹגֵג, יוֹפַךְ. וּמֵזִיד, יְקַיֵּם. אִם הֵבִיאָה שְׁלִישׁ, בֵּין שׁוֹגֵג בֵּין מֵזִיד, יְקַיֵּם. וּבְפִשְׁתָּן, מֵזִיד, יוֹפַךְ:
Aquele que planta Terumah [produtos consagrados para consumo sacerdotal], se não intencionalmente, deve derrubá-lo. Se intencionalmente, ele deve permitir que permaneça. Se ele já produziu um terço [de todo o seu tamanho], involuntariamente ou intencionalmente, ele deve permitir que permaneça. Mas no caso do linho, [mesmo que plantado] intencionalmente, ele deve derrubá-lo.
Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
הזורע תרומה שוגג יופך - he ploughs and turns it over, in order that will not grow, and there is nothing in this.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
Introduction
This mishnah and the rest of the chapter deals with the issue of a person who planted terumah, which is prohibited. The problem with having planted terumah seeds is that the rabbis decreed that the plants that grow from the seeds will be terumah as well. This seems to have been a way of preventing a person from intentionally planting his terumah seeds.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ומזיד יקיים – since it was called by the designation of Terumah/heave-offering on the field, it would appear like losing the heave-offering.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
He who plants terumah, if unwittingly, may overturn it, but if intentionally, he must allow it to remain. If one plants terumah accidentally, meaning he didn’t know that the seeds were terumah seeds, the mishnah is lenient and allows him to overturn the plants before they grow into terumah. This way he will be able to replant his field with regular, more lucrative plants (the price of terumah is lower than that of hullin). However, if he plants them intentionally, the mishnah penalizes him for having done so and he must allow them to remain and then he will have to treat the plants as terumah.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ואם הביאה שליש אפילו שוגג יקיים – because it is prohibited to destroy the Terumah/heave-offering.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
If it had already grown a third of its full size, whether he had planted it unwittingly or intentionally, he must allow it to remain. The previous section referred to a situation where the plants had barely begun to grow. If they have already grown to 1/3 of their eventual size, then even if they were planted unintentionally, they must be allowed to remain because it is forbidden to actively destroy terumah. Before they grow to 1/3 of their size they are not treated as terumah, and therefore one can overturn them.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Terumot
ובפשתן מזיד יופך – and even if it brought forth one-third, in order that the chips will not benefit, and he will think that the seed alone is what is Terumah/heave-offering and is prohibited. But the essence of the flax is because of the chips and not because of the seed.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Terumot
But in the case of flax, even when planted intentionally he must overturn it. The exception to this rule is flax, which must be overturned when planted intentionally even when it has grown to over 1/3 of its eventual size. The reason is that the flax capsules which contain the flax seeds remain hullin. Since he will benefit from the use of these capsules, the rabbis penalized him for having planted terumah seeds in the first place. He shouldn’t receive any “hullin” benefit when what he planted was terumah. However, if he planted flax unintentionally, it is treated like all other plants and it may be overturned if it has not yet grown to 1/3 of its eventual size.
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