Se um zav teve duas aparições, [nesse caso, ele é imundo por sete dias e não exige uma oferta (de expiação)], ele (o Pessach) pode ser morto por ele no sétimo dia [mesmo que "seu sol o fizesse não definido "(isto, desde que ele mergulhe no momento do abate), pois ele está apto a comê-lo à noite. Pois é aquele que é impuro por meio de um cadáver, cujo sétimo dia cai no dia 14, que é empurrado para Pesach sheni, ainda que esteja apto a comê-lo à noite, como está escrito (Números 9: 6 ): "E havia homens que eram impuros pelo corpo de um homem, e não puderam fazer o Pessach naquele dia"— Não podiam fazê-lo naquele dia, mas podiam comer o Pessach à noite —e foram empurrados para Pesach sheni. Mas, para outros tipos de impureza, se ele estiver em condições de comê-lo à noite, será abatido para ele, mesmo que seu sol não tenha se posto.] Se ele teve três aparições, [nesse caso, ele não está apto a comer até ele traz expiação (ofertas)], é abatido para ele no oitavo dia [isto é, se o oitavo dia caiu na véspera de Pessach, mesmo que ele não tenha trazido a expiação (isto, com a condição de que ele faça a expiação) ofertas para beth-din.)] Uma mulher que observa dia (de limpeza) contra dia (de impureza) [isto é, se ela tivesse avistado nos onze dias entre uma sequência de niddah e a seguinte, nesse caso ela deve contar o no dia seguinte (como um dia de limpeza)], ela será abatida no segundo dia [no dia da contagem. Pela vez que ela conta parte do dia, ela pode mergulhar. E mesmo que o sol ainda não tenha se posto, é abatido para ela.] Se ela teve avistamentos em dois (consecutivos) dias, ela foi abatida no terceiro dia. E uma zavah [isto é, se ela viu três dias consecutivos dentro dos onze dias, caso em que ela deve contar sete dias limpos e trazer uma oferta (de expiação)], é sacrificada para ela no oitavo dia.
Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
זב שראה שתי ראיות – for he is defiled for a seven day period, and does not require a sacrifice.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
Introduction
In order to understand this mishnah we will first need to explain some of the terms and halakhot it mentions. These are some technical laws concerning purity/impurity.
The mishnah deals with a “zav” and a “zavah” a man or woman who have had abnormal genital discharge (i.e. not semen or menstrual blood). A man who experiences one such occurrence is impure until the evening, the same as a man who has a seminal discharge. If he experiences two such discharges, either on the same day or on consecutive days he is now a zav (see Leviticus 15:1-12). He is impure for seven days. If he experiences three discharges he must also bring a sacrifice at the end of the period of his impurity, on the eighth day. In both latter cases he cannot eat sacred food until he is pure and if necessary has brought the requisite sacrifices.
The main difference between a zav and a zavah is that a zavah must experience her discharges on different days two discharges on one day count as one and not as two. Furthermore, the discharge must not come when she normally has her menstrual period. Since this is not supposed to be her menstrual period, even blood counts as “abnormal discharge.” Calculating when this period falls is complicated and I shall not enter into it here. If during this period she sees discharge/blood for one day she needs not to have a discharge the following day, and then she can go to the mikveh (ritual bath). This woman is called “observing a day for a day.” If she has two consecutive days of discharge, on the third day she can go to the mikveh, provided that she has no discharge on that day. However, if she has three consecutive days of discharge she becomes a “complete zavah”. She must now wait seven days in which she does not have a discharge, on the seventh day she can go to the mikveh and on the eighth day she brings a sacrifice. As is the case with the zav, she cannot eat sacred food until she has brought these sacrifices.
Our mishnah teaches that one should slaughter the pesah on behalf of a person who can eat sacred food in the evening of the fifteenth of Nisan, the time when the pesah is eaten, even though on the fourteenth he/she is still unable to do so. The only exception to this rule is someone who is impure through contact with a corpse even if he becomes pure at night if he is impure during the day of the fourteenth they do not slaughter the pesah on his behalf.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
שוחטין עליו – even though the sun had not set and he who immersed at the time of the slaughter [of the Passover offering],is worthy to eat it in the evening, and especially someone who was impure who came in contact with the dead whose seventh day occurs on the fourteenth [of Nisan] is postponed until the Second Passover (14 Iyyar), even though it is proper to eat it at night, as it is written (Numbers 9:6): “But there were some men who were unclean by reason of a corpse and could not offer the Passover sacrifice on that day.” On that day they were not able but in the evening they were able to eat the Passover offering, but they are postponed until the Second Passover. But other defilements, if they are worthy to eat at night, we slaughter for him and even though sunset had not come.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
If a zav saw two instances [of discharge], they slaughter [the pesah] on his behalf on his seventh [day]. This zav has seen only two episodes of discharge and hence he is not a “complete zav” who would have to bring a sacrifice at the end of seven days. At the end of seven days he need only go to the mikveh. If his seventh day falls on the fourteenth of Nisan they slaughter the pesah on his behalf because he can eat it that night.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
ראה שלש – he was not worthy to eat until he brought atonement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
If he saw three [instances of discharge], they slaughter on his behalf on his eighth [day]. If he saw three instances of discharge he goes to the mikveh on the seventh day and must bring sacrifices on the eighth day. He cannot eat sacred food until after he has brought his sacrifices. Therefore if the eighth day falls on the fourteenth they may slaughter the pesah on his behalf. If, however, the seventh day were to fall on the fourteenth they would not be able to slaughter the pesah for him because he could not eat it at night, before he brings the sacrifices the next day.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
שוחטין עליו – if his eighth day fell on the Eve of Passover, even if he did not bring his atonement. But he gave his sacrifices to the Jewish court.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
If a woman observes a “day for a day”, they slaughter on her behalf on her second day. This woman has experienced one episode of discharge/blood during a non-menstrual time of the month. She may go to the mikveh the following night. Therefore, if the second day falls on the fourteenth of Nisan, they slaughter the pesah on her behalf.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
שומרת יום כנגד יום – Whomever sees [blood] within the eleven days between one menstruation and the [next] menstruation , that is required to court the day afterwards, we slaughter for her on the day of her counting. But since she counted part of the day, she is permitted to immerse [in the ritual bath]. And even though she is lacking sunset [which had not yet arrived], we slaughter [the Passover offering] on her behalf.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
If she saw [a discharge] on two days, they slaughter on her behalf on the third [day]. This woman has experienced discharges for two consecutive days. On the third day she may go to the mikveh, provided she doesn’t have a discharge on that day. Since that evening she may eat sacred food they slaughter the pesah on her behalf.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Pesachim
והזבה – who saw [flux] on three consecutive days within the eleven [days between menstruation cycles], must count seven clean [days] and bring a sacrifice, we slaughter [a Passover offering] on her behalf on the eighth [day].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Pesachim
And as for a zavah, they slaughter on her behalf on the eighth [day]. This woman has experienced three consecutive days of discharge and is therefore a “complete zavah.” She must wait seven clean days (days in which she doesn’t experience discharge) and then she may go to the mikveh at night and must bring sacrifices the following day, the eighth day. If the fourteenth falls on this, the eighth day, they may slaughter the pesah on her behalf because she will be able to eat the pesah that evening.
