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החושב על מי חטאת לשתות ר' אליעזר פוסל – for he invalidates it through intention/thought.

Introduction If one intends to drink the red cow waters, he invalidates them. Our mishnah discusses at what point they become invalid.

כשיטה – [that he turns up] the barrel to drink, or to take from it water to drink, but mere intention/thought does not invalidate it.

If one intended to drink the hatat water: Rabbi Eliezer says: it becomes invalid. Rabbi Joshua says: only when one tips the flask. According to Rabbi Eliezer, intent alone disqualifies the water. So if one intends to drink it, it is already invalid. Rabbi Joshua says that while one does not have to actually drink the water to disqualify it, one must at least perform some action. Tipping the flask to take a drink is sufficient of an action to disqualify the water.

במים שאינן מקודשין – that he filled them in order to place in them the ashes, but he did not yet place them.

Rabbi Yose said: To what does this apply? To water that had not yet been prepared, But in the case of water that had been prepared: Rabbi Eliezer says: it becomes invalid [only] when one tips the flask; And Rabbi Joshua says: [only] when one drinks. Rabbi Yose limits this to water that has not yet been prepared, meaning the ashes have not yet been mixed in. If the ashes have been mixed in, then each sage rules slightly more leniently. Rabbi Eliezer says he must tip the water to disqualify it, whereas Rabbi Joshua says that intent alone does not disqualify waters that have already been prepared. They are disqualified only if he actually drinks them.

רבי אליעזר אומר כשיטה – but here he does not invalidate them with intention, for since they are mixed waters, he was persuaded/reconsidered to change his mind from his intention. Therefore, Rabbi Eliezer does not invalidate until he turns it up [to drink from it].

And if it was poured directly into one's throat, it remains valid. If someone else pours the water directly into a another person's mouth then the waters remain valid (those that have not been drunk, of course). This is because no one had any intent to drink the water and no spit went in, because the water was poured down his throat. Therefore, there is no reason to invalidate the water.

רבי יהושע אומר כשישתה – because of the liquid that is in his mouth when he returns and combines/mixes with the water, and he invalidates them.

ואם גרגר (if he poured it down his throat – as opposed to setting his lips to the vessel) – it is the language of a gullet/throat. That is to say, that he didn’t drink it in the manner of those who drink but rather, poured the water in his throat.

כשר – for there is no liquid from his mouth in the barrel. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehoshua in both of them.