Comentário sobre Ohalot 7:4
הָאִשָּׁה שֶׁהִיא מַקְשָׁה לֵילֵד וְהוֹצִיאוּהָ מִבַּיִת לְבַיִת, הָרִאשׁוֹן טָמֵא בְסָפֵק, וְהַשֵּׁנִי בְּוַדָּאי. אָמַר רַבִּי יְהוּדָה, אֵימָתַי, בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא נִטֶּלֶת בַּגַּפַּיִם. אֲבָל אִם הָיְתָה מְהַלֶּכֶת, הָרִאשׁוֹן טָהוֹר, שֶׁמִּשֶּׁנִּפְתַּח הַקֶּבֶר אֵין פְּנַאי לְהַלֵּךְ. אֵין לַנְּפָלִים פְּתִיחַת הַקֶּבֶר, עַד שֶׁיַּעְגִּילוּ רֹאשׁ כְּפִיקָה:
Uma mulher que está tendo dificuldades no parto [e deu à luz um natimorto] e foi levada de uma casa para outra, a primeira é impura pela incerteza e a segunda é certamente impura. O rabino Yehuda diz quando é isso? Quando ela é pega pelos braços, mas se estava andando, a primeira é pura, porque uma vez que o útero se abre, não há capacidade de andar. Os fetos natimortos não abrem o útero, a menos que a cabeça seja arredondada como um fuso.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
והוציאוה מבית לבית – and in the second house she gave birth to a dead offspring, but it is doubtful to us if [the offspring came out dead from first house].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
Introduction
Today's mishnah deals with a woman who gives birth to a stillborn, but while doing so moves from house to house. The question is: when do we consider her womb to have opened such that the fetus would defile the contents of the house?
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
בשמן שהיא ניטלת בגפים (at the time that she is carried by her arms- put around the neck of her supporters) – that her colleagues/friends take it with her arms for she is not able to walk, we are concerned that the offspring came out dead from the first house.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
If a woman was having great difficulty giving birth and they carried her out from one house to another, the first house is doubtfully unclean and the second is certainly unclean. The first house is only doubtfully impure, because we don't know if the woman's womb "opened up" there such that the stillborn could defile the house. The second house is certainly impure because that is where she gave birth.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
הקבר – the womb of the woman that was opened when the offspring leaves it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
Rabbi Judah said: When is this so? When she is carried out [supported] by the armpits, but if she was able to walk, the first house remains clean, for after the "tomb" has been opened there is no possibility of walking, Rabbi Judah says that if she was able to walk out of the first house on her own, then the first house is certainly not impure because a woman whose womb has opened up cannot walk on her own. The first house is impure only if she was helped out by being carried by the armpits. The mishnah calls the womb a "tomb" probably because in this case, the fetus died there.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
אין לנפלים פתיחת הקבר וכו' – this is the conclusion of the matter of Rabbi Yehuda. And this is what he said: that which we said that when the womb opened, there is no time to walk we didn’t say this other than regarding a non-viable birth until the fetus is (on leaving the vagina) forms a round head like a coil, meaning to say that he has a large round head like this spindle that the women sew on it a thread of warp/longitudinal direction, but if the non-viable birth/fetus did not have a round head like a coil but rather smaller than this, even though the womb was opened and the head of the fetus exited outside, she has time to walk and we are concerned lest his head came out from the first house. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
For stillborn children are not [deemed to have] opened the "tomb" until they present a head rounded like a spindle-knob. This section is usually explained as the continuation of Rabbi Judah's words. When he said that once the womb (tomb) has been opened a woman cannot walk, that is only the case if the head is round like a spindle-knob. But if the head is smaller, then a woman might be able to walk around even after the womb-tomb has been opened. In such a case, even if she walked from one house to the other, we would have to be concerned lest the first house is also defiled.
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