Comentário sobre Nidá 4:4
הַמַּקְשָׁה, נִדָּה. קִשְּׁתָה שְׁלשָׁה יָמִים בְּתוֹךְ אַחַד עָשָׂר יוֹם וְשָׁפְתָה מֵעֵת לְעֵת וְיָלְדָה, הֲרֵי זוֹ יוֹלֶדֶת בְּזוֹב, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי אֱלִיעֶזֶר. רַבִּי יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אוֹמֵר, לַיְלָה וָיוֹם, כְּלֵילֵי שַׁבָּת וְיוֹמוֹ. שֶׁשָּׁפְתָה מִן הַצַּעַר, וְלֹא מִן הַדָּם:
Uma mulher com trabalho de parto difícil é [considerada] uma niddah [se ela visse sangue durante seus dias de niddah ]. Se ela teve trabalho de parto difícil [e viu sangue] por três dias nos onze dias [de zivah , entre os períodos de niddah ], e ela parou de [ter dores] daquele tempo até aquele momento [vinte e quatro horas depois], e ela deu nascimento, ela assim deu à luz em um estado de zov [isto é, enquanto ela era uma zavah ], de acordo com o rabino Eliezer. O rabino Yehoshua diz: [ela deve ter deixado de sentir dores] por uma noite e um dia, como a noite do Shabat de seu dia [isto é, por uma noite inteira e dia subsequente, e não por um período de vinte e quatro horas]. Isso se aplica a quem cessou [por aquele tempo] de sua dor, mas não [necessariamente] de sangrar.
Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
המקשה נדה – this is what it says: A woman having difficulties in her giving birth during the days of her menstruating period and saw blood during her labor, she is a menstruant woman/Niddah, for the Torah did not purify the blood of her protracted labor other than during the eleven days of her days of protracted menstruation/זיבה, but the All-Merciful did not purify it during her days of being a menstruant woman/נדה .
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
A woman who is having difficult labor is regarded as a menstruant. A woman who is having difficult, protracted labor and is bleeding, is considered to be a niddah. This seems a bit strange to us after all, a pregnant woman can't menstruate. But it is in reality a leniency that this blood is not considered to be blood of zivah (non-menstrual blood). If it were non-menstrual blood she would have to wait seven days in which she doesn't bleed to become clean. Since it is considered menstrual blood, she will be clean seven days after giving birth (for a boy, 14 for a girl).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
קשתה- on account of the fetus for three days during the eleven days of her protracted menstruation/ימי זיבה, and she saw it (i.e., blood) for three consecutive days.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
If she had difficult labor for three days of the eleven days and she ceased having pains for twenty-four hours and then gave birth, she is regarded as having given birth in zivah, the words of Rabbi Eliezer. Rabbi Joshua says: a night and a day, as the night and the day of Shabbat. The eleven days referred to here are the eleven days between menstrual periods in which any blood flow is considered to be zivah. This woman had difficult labor for three days, meaning she bled during a period of three days. Normally, this blood would be considered zivah, because it came not during the time when blood is considered menstrual. However, because she was in labor, we considered the blood to be menstrual blood, as we saw in section one. But then she ceased having pains. When she gives birth, we now can consider the blood to be zivah blood. In other words, since the pains stopped, the blood is considered to be zivah after all and not from the birth itself. Rabbi Eliezer says that the cessation of pain must be for 24 hours. Rabbi Joshua says that the cessation must be for a whole day like Shabbat, from night through the entire next day. A simple 24 hour cessation is not enough.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
ושפתה (and she was relieved)- that she stood in relief and in comfort from her throes of birth agony for an astronomical period of twenty-four hours on the fourth day.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Niddah
That she ceased from having pain, but not from bleeding. This section explains that the cessation is only from the pains of labor. The bleeding continues. If she were to stop bleeding as well and then give birth, she would not even be considered as having given birth from zivah. The blood that comes at childbirth would be from childbirth and she would be impure 7/14 as is always the case after childbirth.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
וילדה (and she gave birth) – and the matter was revealed that the blood that she saw did not come on account of the fetus, therefore, this [woman] gives birth while having a flux. But if she did not have relief close to her giving birth, all of the blood that she saw, was on account of the fetus and the All-Merciful purified her from the blood of flux, as it is written (Leviticus 15:25): “When the woman had a discharge of blood/זוב דמה [for many days, not at the time of her menstrual impurity, she shall be impure, as though at the time of her menstrual impurity, as long as her discharge lasts],” her blood is on account of herself but not her blood on account of her fetus.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
לילה ויום – that if she had relief for half of Tuesday and she gave birth during the middle of Wednesday, for she had a period of relief for an astronomical period of twenty-four hours, this is not comfort/relief, unless her relief was for a night and a day after the night,
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
like Friday night and its day. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Eliezer.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Niddah
ששפתה מן הצער – meaning to say, that she was relieved that we stated [in the Mishnah], that she had relief from the pain even though she didn’t have relief from the blood, it is relief.
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