(Se ele dissesse :) "Eu sabia que havia votos, mas não sabia que havia anulações" [isto é, que ele tinha autoridade para anulá-las], ele pode anulá-las [no dia em que descobrir que tem a autoridade para fazê-lo, naquele dia como "o dia em que ele ouve".]] Mas (se ele dissesse :) "Eu não sabia que era um voto" [e que precisava de anulação], diz R. Meir : Ele não pode anulá-lo. [Pois desde que ele sabia que poderia anulá-lo, mesmo que ele não soubesse que era um voto, ele deveria ter anulado de qualquer maneira. A halachá não está de acordo com R. Meir.] Os sábios dizem: Ele pode anulá-la.
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
איני יודע שיש מפירין – that I have permission to absolve [a vow].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
Introduction
Yesterday we learned that if when the husband/father annulled his wife/daughter’s vow he did not have full comprehension of who vowed, what type of vow they took, or what they prohibited, he must annul it again.
Generally the vow may be annulled only on the day that the husband/father hears of the vow (see 10:5). However, in this case he may annul the vow when he learns the details, even though the day that he heard the vow has passed, because for him the day that he learns of the vows correct details is considered the day that he heard the vow.
Our mishnah discusses a husband who did not know that he could annul the vow, or that there was even a vow to annul. The question is can he annul the vow when he learns that he has such a power, or that it was a vow.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
יפר – on the day that it becomes known to him that he has permission to absolve [vows], it is upo him like (Numbers 30:13): “the day that he finds out.”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
[If the husband declares,] “I knew that there were vows, but I did not know that they could be annulled”, he may annul them [now]. In this case the husband/father knew that there was a vow, but did not know that he could annul the vow or that in general he can annul vows. The mishnah rules that he may annul the vow later when he learns that he has such a right. The day that he learns that he can annul vows is considered the “day that he heard the vow”.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
אינו יודע שזה נדר – and it requires absolution.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
[But if he says:] “I knew that I could annul them, but I did not know that this was a vow,” Rabbi Meir says: he cannot annul it, But the Sages say: he can annul. In this case the father/husband knew that he has the right to annul vows in general, but did not know that what his daughter/wife had said was considered a vow. Hence he did not annul the vow on the day that he heard the original remark. When he later learns that this was a vow, Rabbi Meir says he can no longer annul it. Since he knew on the day that he heard the vow that he can annul vows, he should have annulled what she had said in any case, even though he was not sure that it was a vow. The Sages, however, rule that he may still annul the vow when he learns that it was truly a vow. According to their opinion, this is the day that is actually called “the day that he heard the vow.”
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
רבי מאיר אומר לא יפר for since he knows that he has in his hand [the ability] to absolve, even though he doesn’t know that it is a vow, nevertheless, he should have absolved/nullified [the vow]. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Meir.
