Se alguém dissesse à esposa: "Todos os votos que você fará a partir de agora até que eu retorne daquele lugar", ele não disse nada, [este sendo "parado" por engano, pois há votos que ele não gostaria de fazer. Se ele disse: "Eles são anulados", R. Eliezer diz: Eles são anulados. [Como regra geral, um homem não deseja os votos de sua esposa.] E os sábios dizem: Eles não são anulados. R. Eliezer disse: Se ele pode anular os votos que entraram em vigor [(depois que ela prometeu, ela é proibida neles (os objetos de seus votos) se o marido não os anular)]], caso não consiga anular os votos que não surtiram efeito! Eles responderam: Está escrito (Números 30:14): "Seu marido fará com que ela fique anulada": O que atingiu o estágio de "ficar em pé" [isto é, votos que já entraram em vigor] está sujeito anulação; o que não atingiu o estágio de "permanente" não está sujeito a anulação.
Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
הרי הן קיימין לא אמר כלום – for this is an errant confirmation, because there are vows that he would not desire in their confirmation.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
Introduction
Our mishnah discusses whether or not a husband can uphold or annul vows that his wife will take in the future.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
הרי הן מופרין רבי אליעזר אומר מופר – for in general, a man does not desire in the vows of his wife.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
If a man says to his wife, “All vows which you may vow from now until I return from such and such a place behold, they are upheld,” he has not said anything. Everyone agrees that the husband may not legally uphold vows that his wife has not yet taken. If, when he returns from the trip he hears that she has taken a vow and he wants to annul it, he still may do so, despite his earlier statement that her vows were upheld.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Nedarim
נדרים שבאו לכלל איסור – for after she vowed, she is prohibited in them if [her] husband did not annul them.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Nedarim
[If he said: All vows which you may vow from now until I return from such and such a place], behold, they are annulled,”: Rabbi Eliezer says: they are annulled; The Sages say: they are not annulled. Said Rabbi Eliezer: if he can annul vows which have already had the force of a prohibition, surely he can annul those which have not had the force of prohibition! They said to him: behold, it is said, “Her husband may uphold it, and her husband may annul it” (Numbers 30:14), that which has entered the category of upholding, has entered the category of annulment; but that which has not entered the category of upholding, has not entered the category of annulment. This section discusses the reverse situation, in which the husband wishes to annul vows that his wife takes while he is away. Rabbi Eliezer says this annulment is effective and the Sages say that it is not. Rabbi Eliezer argues that if a man can annul a vow that has already taken effect, he should be able to annul a vow before it has begun to be effective. A husband can annul vows on the day he hears them even though she vowed earlier (we will learn more about this tomorrow). In other words, even if she vowed earlier and therefore had to keep her vow before it was annulled, on the day that he hears of the vow he may still annul it. From here Rabbi Eliezer concludes that he certainly should be able to annul a vow that has not yet had a prohibitory force. The Sages respond with a midrash on a verse in Numbers. This verse compares upholding and annulling. Since, as we learned in section one, only a vow which has already been made can be upheld, so too only a vow that has already been made can be annulled. To the Sages their midrash is more authoritative and convincing than Rabbi Eliezer’s reasoning.
