Comentário sobre Kelim 4:1
הַחֶרֶס שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַעֲמֹד מִפְּנֵי אָזְנוֹ, אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה בוֹ חִדּוּד וְהַחִדּוּד מַכְרִיעוֹ, טָהוֹר. נִטְּלָה הָאֹזֶן, נִשְׁבַּר הַחִדּוּד, טָהוֹר. רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַמֵּא. חָבִית שֶׁנִּפְחֲתָה, וְהִיא מְקַבֶּלֶת עַל דָּפְנוֹתֶיהָ, אוֹ שֶׁנֶּחְלְקָה כְמִין שְׁתֵּי עֲרֵבוֹת, רַבִּי יְהוּדָה מְטַהֵר, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַמְּאִין:
Uma peça de cerâmica, que não pode suportar por causa de sua alça ou por ter um fundo pontiagudo, é pura [isto é, não suscetível à impureza ritual]. Se a alça quebrou ou o ponto foi quebrado, é pura. O rabino Yehudah diz que é impuro [isto é, capaz de contrair a impureza ritual]. Um jarro que perdeu um pedaço, mas ainda pode conter com os lados, ou ficou dividido como duas cavidades - o rabino Yehudah diz que é puro, mas os Sábios dizem que é impuro.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
החרס שאינו יכול לעמוד – such as a shard that separates from the jug or from the pot in the place of the ear/handle, and it is not able to stand without support because of the weight of the ear/handle that makes it heavy and outweighs it, or because it had in it a pointed knob which is sharp at its bottom and it cannot sit [straight] without being supported.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Introduction
In mishnah 2:2 we learned that a potsherd (broken piece of pottery) which can stand without support and can be used to contain a minimal amount of liquid is still susceptible to impurity. In today's mishnah we learn that if it cannot stand without support than it is not susceptible.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
נטלה האוזן טהור – for an earthenware vessel that is pure for one hour, it furthermore will not ever have defilement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A potsherd that cannot stand unsupported on account of its handle, or a potsherd whose bottom is pointed and that point causes it to overbalance, is clean. Since the broken piece of pottery cannot stand on its own, it is not considered a vessel and it is not susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ור' יהודה מטמא – for he doesn’t hold this reasoning.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If the handle was removed or the point was broken off it is still clean. Rabbi Judah says that it is unclean. According to the first opinion, once a broken piece of pottery becomes pure (because it cannot stand on its own) it can never go back to becoming susceptible to impurity. This serves to distinguish a broken piece from a whole vessel, because if whole vessels are repaired they can again become susceptible to impurity. Rabbi Judah disagrees, holding that broken pieces are just like whole vessels. Once repaired such that they can hold a minimal amount of liquid, they again become susceptible to impurity.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
או שנחלקה –[or that was split] lengthwise like two troughs, and is unable to sit on its bottom other than on its sides.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If a jar was broken but is still capable of holding something in its sides, or if it was split into a kind of two troughs: Rabbi Judah says it is clean But the sages say it is unclean. The jar was broken such that it can still hold liquids when stood on its side. Alternatively, it was split into two pieces, both of which can hold some liquid when stood on their side. In this case, Rabbi Judah rules leniently. According to Rabbi Judah a potsherd can retain its susceptibility to impurity only if it can contain liquids in the same way that the original vessel did. Since these potsherds receive liquids only when standing on their sides and not when standing upright, they are pure. The other sages disagree and hold that as long as it can hold liquids, the potsherd is still susceptible to impurity. Note that the mishnah seems to want to balance a lenient ruling of Rabbi Judah with a stringent one, and so too when it comes to the sages. This could either be an easier way of remembering things, or perhaps a way of telling the reader that rabbis cannot necessarily be classified as either stringent or lenient on these matters. Rather they differ based on principles, and those principles sometimes lead them in differing directions.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
רבי יהודה מטהר – for Rabbi Yehuda holds that as it is taught in the Mishnah (Tractate Kelim, Chapter 2, Mishnah 2): “The smallest/thinnest of earthenware vessels that sits without supports are impure, that is from the rims and not from the sides, that there needs to be a shard of the of the vessel sitting on its rim in the manner that it sits when it is whole.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
וחכמים מטמאין – for they hold that vessels that are made to set them on their sides periodically.
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