Comentário sobre Kelim 25:1
כָּל הַכֵּלִים יֵשׁ לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, כְּגוֹן הַכָּרִים וְהַכְּסָתוֹת וְהַשַּׂקִּין וְהַמַּרְצוּפִין, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, כֹּל שֶׁיֶּשׁ לוֹ תוֹבְרוֹת, יֶשׁ לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ. וְכֹל שֶׁאֵין לוֹ תוֹבְרוֹת, אֵין לוֹ אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ. הַשֻּׁלְחָן וְהַדְּלֻפְקִי, יֵשׁ לָהֶם אֲחוֹרַיִם וָתוֹךְ, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי יְהוּדָה. רַבִּי מֵאִיר אוֹמֵר, אֵין לָהֶם אֲחוֹרָיִם. וְכֵן טַבְלָא שֶׁאֵין לָהּ לִזְבֵּז:
Todos os navios têm [uma distinção, no que diz respeito ao status de pureza, entre seus] lados externos e internos, por exemplo: almofadas, cobertores, sacas e sacolas, de acordo com o rabino Yehuda. O rabino Meir diz: qualquer coisa que tenha laços [através dos quais enfiar um cordão] tem [tal distinção, no que diz respeito ao status de pureza, entre seus] lados externos e internos; mas qualquer um que não tenha laços, não tem [tal distinção entre seus] lados externos e internos. Uma mesa e uma mesa de servir têm [tal distinção entre suas] partes externas e internas, de acordo com o rabino Yehuda. O rabino Meir diz: eles não têm outsides [isto é, eles não têm essa distinção]. E da mesma forma em relação a uma placa que não tem borda.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כל הכלים יש להם אחוריים ותוך – vessels that were defiled through impure liquids, if the liquids came in contact from the vessel’s outsides, their outsides where defiled but not their insides, because the defilement of liquids to defile vessels is not from the Torah, the Sages were lenient in their defilement. But if their inside was defiled, as for example, that the impure liquids touched their insides, their outsides are also defied. And this is what is taught [in our Mishnah[“"יש להן אחוריים ותוך/“they have outsides and an inside,” meaning to say that the law of the outsides is separate from the law of the insides.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Introduction
Most of chapter twenty-five deals with the differences between cases in which an impure liquid touched the inside of a vessel and cases in which the liquid touched the outside of a vessel. Mishnah six will teach this rule explicitly if the liquid touched the outside of the vessel, the inside remains pure. But if it touches the inside of the vessel, the outer side is impure as well. Our mishnah, as well as the subsequent ones discuss which vessels are deemed to have "insides" and "outsides" such that these rules apply.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כגון הכרים והכסתות – and even though that we use their insides and their outsides, and that it is fit to reverse them and to make their insides outsides and their outsides insides, nevertheless, the law of their outsides is separate from the law of their insides.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
All vessels have [different laws] for outer and inner sides, as for instance, cushions, coverings, sacks and packing-bags, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Meir says: any vessel that has loops has [different laws] for inner and outer sides but one that has no loops does not have different laws for outer and inner sides. According to Rabbi Judah all vessels have different laws depending on whether the impure liquid touched them on the inside or the outside. This includes even cushions etc, which might not seem to have insides and outsides because they can be reversed. Rabbi Meir however limits the distinction to cases where the vessel has loops on the outside through which one can put a belt or something else. If a vessel has loops sewn on the outside, then it is clear what side is supposed to face out and what side is supposed to face in. However, if there are no loops than the vessel could be turned inside out and used either way. In such a case there is no way to determine what is inside and what is outside. Therefore, it doesn't matter what side the impure liquid comes into contact with. It is impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מרצופין (packing bags, leather bags – adapted for ship-loads) – large leather sacks that they cary in them wares on ships.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A table and a side-board have [different laws] for outer and inner sides, the words of Rabbi Judah. Rabbi Meir says: they do not have a different law for their outer sides. According to Rabbi Judah, the side of a table or side-table that is used is considered to be the inside. If an impure liquid touches this side, both sides are impure. However, the back side is the outside and if the liquid touches there, the inside remains pure. Rabbi Meir rules that such rules do not apply tables.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
כל שיש לו תוברות (all that have loops/hems/hangers) – loops, couplings, like that of undergarments/drawers, that are sewn on the outsides of the clothing.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
The same applies to a frame. Rabbi Judah and Rabbi Meir have the same argument concerning a tray. Rabbi Judah says that the face of the tray is considered its "inside" whereas Rabbi Meir holds that both sides are considered "inside."
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
יש לו אחוריים ותוך – for since it has loops/couplings, it is not fit to turn inside out, and its inside is separate from its outside, but when they don’t have loops/couplings/hems, it is fit to turn them inside out, for its inside is not separate from its outside, but rather, when impure liquids came in contact with it whether from its outside or whether from its inside, everything is ritually impure/unclean. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
השלחן והדלפקי – For Rabbi Yehuda holds, since its walls are slanted and separate, their insides are judged as insides. And the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda.
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