Um buraco entre dois pátios, [metade em um e metade no outro] —é proibido enchê-lo no Shabbath, [pois (ao fazê-lo), um se enche do domínio de seu vizinho; e isso é proibido se os pátios não tiverem sido unidos por um eruv], a menos que eles façam uma partição com dez tefachim de altura, seja acima [ie, nove tefachim da partição acima da água e um tefach submerso nela] ou abaixo [isto é, nove tefachim submersos nele e um tefach visível acima], ou do meio de sua cavidade, [mesmo que a partição não toque a água, sendo esta uma regra branda dos sábios em relação à água , (os sábios) dizendo que percebemos a partição como se estendendo para baixo. Isso, desde que esteja no meio da cavidade do buraco, para que seja percebido como uma partição.] Beth Shammai diz: abaixo. Beth Hillel diz: acima. R. Yehudah disse: A partição não deve ser maior que a parede entre eles! [isto é (não deve ser mais eficaz) do que a própria parede que separa os pátios e corre sobre o buraco, mesmo que não desça para dentro de sua cavidade (ou seja, a partição é supérflua.) A halachá não está de acordo com R. Yehudah.]
Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
בור שבין שתי חצרות – half of it (i.e., the cistern) in this one (i.e., courtyard) and half of it in that onel we don’t fill from it [on Shabbat], for this one (i.e., courtyard) fills from the domain of his neighbor and prohibits it if the courtyards did not make an Eruv between each other.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Introduction
This mishnah deals with a cistern situated between two courtyards, when the two courtyards have set up separate eruvin. In other words, the wall that separates the courtyard goes over the well, leaving half the cistern on one side and half on the other. The mishnah teaches how they can set up the cistern so that people from both courtyards can draw water from it on Shabbat.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
בין מלמעלה – that there were ten handbreadths of the partition above from the water and one handbreadth sunk in the water.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
A cistern between two courtyards they do not fill up from it on Shabbat, unless they made for it a partition ten handbreadths high, whether above, below or from its rim. Without a partition, it is forbidden for residents of either courtyard to draw from the cistern, since it belongs partly to other people, since half of the cistern is in other people’s domains. The only way that both sides can use the cistern is if they make a special partition, more than just the wall that separates the two courtyards. According to the first opinion in the mishnah, it doesn’t matter whether or not the partition is above or below the water, it is effective. In the Talmud, Rav Judah explains that “below the water” means that most of the partition is below the water, whereas “above the water” means that most of the partition is above the water, but there is at least some partition, at least one handbreadth, in the water.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
בין למטה – that there were nine handbreadths sunk within the water and one handbreadth that appeared above it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel says: Bet Shammai say: below, And Bet Hillel say: above. According to Rabban Shimon ben Gamaliel, this question was debated by Bet Hillel and Bet Shammai. Bet Shammai holds that the partition must be below the water, a more stringent position. The partition must actually divide the water between the two courtyards so that the residents of different courtyards are not really sharing any of the water. In contrast, Bet Hillel is lenient and allows the partition to be above or below the water. The anonymous opinion in section one was according to Bet Hillel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
בין מתוך אוגנו (whether within its rim) – even though its partition does not touch the water, the general principle is a leniency that the Sages were lenient with the water that they said, “imagine that its partition continued downward” (see Tractate Eruvin 87a), as long as it would be within the rim of the cistern that it would appear like an interruption.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Eruvin
Rabbi Judah said: the partition could not be more effective than the wall between the two courtyards. According to Rabbi Judah, the wall that separates the two courtyards is sufficient in and of itself to allow the residents of both courtyards to draw from the cistern. The wall which is above the cistern is fictionally drawn down through the cistern and is considered as if it divides the cistern in half, even if in reality it does not.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Eruvin
מן הכותל שביניהם – that interrupts between the courtyards and interrupts oer the face of the cistern and even on it the mouth that does not enter into the rim. But the Halakha is not according to Rabbi Yehuda.
