Talmud do Szewiit 3:12

Rebbi Zeïra in the name of Rebbi Eleazar: Both Rebbi Meïr³⁹In our Mishnah, referring to peah. and Rebbi Jehudah⁴⁰In Mishnah Menaḥot 10:8, dealing with the prohibition of using grain from the new harvest before the presentation of the ‘omer on the 16th of Nisan. We insist that they follow the same principle in both cases eventhough we have no statement of R. Jehudah on peah and no statement of R. Meïr about cutting green grain as animal fodder. said the same. Just as Rebbi Meïr said that he who cuts for fodder separates, so Rebbi Jehudah will say that he who cuts for fodder separates. Just as Rebbi Jehudah said that an obligation for peah separates⁴¹This statement is not obvious and has to be proven later., so Rebbi Meïr will say that an obligation for peah separates. But we find that Rebbi Meïr says that an obligation for peah separates⁴²From the Tosephta it will be deduced that everybody, including Rebbi Meïr, agrees that an independent obligation of peah between two fields separates the two fields into two entities from each of which one must give peah. since we have stated⁴³Tosephta Peah 1:8. A field on which grain grows but which is destroyed during growth is not subject to the obligation of peah.: “If locusts ate it, ants undermined it, or a storm or animals broke it, it is free⁴⁴Cf. Mishnah 2:7.; everybody agrees that if he ploughed⁴⁵If he ploughed under the empty stalks remaining after the disaster. “It” in this sentence refers to the ruined field. it separates, if he did not plough it does not interrupt⁴⁶If only part of the field was destroyed it is as if the entire field was sown but part of the seed grain did not germinate; it therefore remains one field..” Who is “everybody”? Does not Rebbi Meïr say, if it is free from peah⁴⁷Since it belongs to the same field and without the disaster there would not have been any separate obligation of peah, only separate ploughing will create two obligations. But if there were a separate obligation from the start, as in the example quoted next from R. Jehudah, then it seems that there are two obligations of peah created., but if it were obligated it would interrupt even if he did not plough. Parallel to what we stated there⁴⁸Mishnah Menaḥot 10:8. There is a Biblical prohibition on using new grain for human consumption before the 16th of Nisan (Lev. 23:14) and a rabbinical prohibition to harvest before that time. However, that rabbinical prohibition is waived either if it would cause monetary loss (as for fields in the region of Jericho that ripen very early) or if the grain is not used for humans. R. Simeon permits cutting for fodder anytime, R. Jehudah allows it only if the grain is less than one third ripe (since afterwards it is fit for human consumption as “green kernels”).: “Rebbi Jehudah said, when? If he started before it was one-third ripe, but if it is one-third ripe one is forbidden to cut.” If he cuts⁴⁹After the grain is one-third ripened and the grain is potential human food. (“R. Yudan” here refers to R. Jehudah bar Illaï.) he is obligated for peah. And anything that is obligated for peah separates⁵⁰If he harvested a strip of unripe grain in a field, he has to give peah from this strip. If that strip separated the remaining grain into two disjoint pieces, the two fields now are separately liable for peah..

“One may plant melon”, etc. It was stated⁸⁸Tosephta Kilaim 2:9. There, the text reads “four kinds,” somewhat more explicit and less restrictive than the wording given here.: “One may make a small hole in one’s field, one hand-breadth deep, sow in it four seeds, and turn them to the four directions of the compass.” Rebbi Abba bar Cahana, Simeon of Nerash in the name of Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: That was taught regarding those which lean towards a dry spot⁸⁹See above, Halakhah 1. One can turn each growing plant away from the others only if outside there is space, not in a field. Hence, the Mishnah, if interpreted according to this statement, disagrees with the Tosephta.. Rebbi Mana asked, if we deal with those that lean towards a dry spot, should we not state “eight,” two on each of the edges⁹⁰The hole is square. An “edge” of the square is a semi-open interval which contains one of its endpoints but not the other. Then one may plant one seed at the endpoint and one at the midpoint of the edge, let the seed in the corner grow in the opposite direction of the diagonal, and the one planted in the middle of the edge perpendicular to the edge towards the outside. The question is not answered, but for broad-leaved plants the scenario is impossible.?

Rebbi Yose and Rebbi Eleazar ben Azariah¹⁷⁹R. Yose in the Mishnah denying an exception to the rules of interest for manure; R. Eleazar ben Azariah in Mishnah Ševi‘it 3:2 (Notes 18–22) denying an exception to the rules of the Sabbatical year for accumulation of manure. said the same thing, as we have stated there: “If he had little, he may continuously add to it, but Rebbi Eleazar ben Azariah says only if he raises or lowers it by three [hand-breadths] or puts it on a rock.”

MISHNAH: A Cohen whose hands are defective shall not lift his hands¹⁴⁶Since the Cohen has to stand in front of the Ark and lift his hands over his head when reciting the priestly blessing.. Rebbi Jehudah says, also a person whose hands are colored by woad¹⁴⁷Greek ’ισάτις. hall not lift his hands since people look at him.