Komentarz do Ohalot 13:6
אֵלּוּ שֶׁאֵינָן מְמַעֲטִים. אֵין הָעֶצֶם מְמַעֵט עַל יְדֵי עֲצָמוֹת, וְלֹא בָשָׂר עַל יְדֵי בָשָׂר, וְלֹא כַזַּיִת מִן הַמֵּת, וְלֹא כַזַּיִת מִן הַנְּבֵלָה, וְלֹא כָעֲדָשָׁה מִן הַשֶּׁרֶץ, וְלֹא כַבֵּיצָה אֳכָלִים, וְלֹא תְבוּאָה שֶׁבַּחַלּוֹנוֹת, וְלֹא כָכַי שֶׁאֵין בָּהּ מַמָּשׁ, וְלֹא נִבְלַת הָעוֹף הַטָּהוֹר שֶׁחִשַּׁב עָלֶיהָ, וְלֹא נִבְלַת עוֹף הַטָּמֵא שֶׁחִשַּׁב עָלֶיהָ וְהִכְשִׁירָהּ, וְלֹא הַשְּׁתִי וְהָעֵרֶב הַמְנֻגָּעִים, וְלֹא לְבֵנָה מִבֵּית הַפְּרָס, דִּבְרֵי רַבִּי מֵאִיר. וַחֲכָמִים אוֹמְרִים, הַלְּבֵנָה מְמַעֶטֶת, מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲפָרָהּ טָהוֹר. זֶה הַכְּלָל, הַטָּהוֹר מְמַעֵט, וְהַטָּמֵא אֵינוֹ מְמַעֵט:
Poniższe nie zmniejszają: Kość nie zmniejsza się z innymi kośćmi, ani mięso z innym mięsem, ani [kawałek wielkości] oliwki zwłok ani [kawałek wielkości] oliwki z tuszy lub [ kawałek wielkości soczewicy robactwa, ani [kawałek wielkości] jajka pożywienia, ani ziarna, które jest w oknach, ani pajęczyna, która nie ma substancji, ani tuszy czystego ptaka, którego on zdecydował [zjeść], ani zwłoki nieczystego ptaka, którego postanowił [zjeść] i uczynił podatnym na nieczystość, ani osnowa lub wątek z [nieczystymi] plamami, ani cegła z Beit Pras [pole, na którym grób został zaorany], mówi rabin Meir. Mędrcy twierdzą, że cegła zmniejsza się, ponieważ jej pył jest czysty. Taka jest zasada: to, co czyste, zmniejsza, a to, co nieczyste, nie zmniejsza.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
Nor an olive-sized [portion] of a corpse;
Nor an olive-sized portion of carrion;
Nor a lentil-sized portion of reptile;
Nor an egg-sized portion of food;
Nor produce growing in the windows;
Nor a cobweb having no substance;
Nor the carcass of a clean bird which had been intended [for food];
Nor the carcass of an unclean bird which had been intended [for food] and had been rendered susceptible to uncleanness;
Nor warp and woof threads that have negaim;
Nor a brick from a bet haperas, the words of Rabbi Meir. But the sages say: the brick can reduce, because the dust [of the bet haperas] is clean.
This is the general rule: what is clean reduces [the area], and what is unclean does not reduce it.
Today's mishnah refers mostly to cases that are opposite of those found in yesterday's mishnah. It lists things that do not reduce the area of the window.
Section one: Since the substance found in the window is the same as is found in the house, they don't reduce the area of the window.
Sections two-five: All of these are simply the opposite cases of those taught in mishnah five. There is a sufficient amount that it is susceptible to impurity.
Section six: In this case the produce grows directly out of the window and not just adjacent to the window, as it did in yesterday's mishnah. Since one does not want to keep such produce, it doesn't reduce the size of the window.
Sections seven-nine: The opposite of those cases found in yesterday's mishnah.
Section ten: Negaim are what we might call "plagues" or some type of disease that infects cloth. There will be an entire tractate devoted to this subject. If the cloth has negaim, then it is impure and anything impure does not reduce the area of the window.
Section eleven: A bet haperas is a field that used to be used as a cemetery but was plowed over. The brick was made from the ground of such a field. According to Rabbi Meir, such a brick is impure and therefore it does not reduce the window. The other sages disagree because they hold that dust that comes from a bet haperas is clean.
Section twelve: This is the general rule that explains all of mishnayoth 5-6.