Komentarz do Menachot 9:5

שהיה גודשה בתוכה – when there was an instrument for levelling a measure of grain/ a strike, it would hold like the rest a heaped up Issaron. But our Mishnah is according to Rabbi Meir who stated at the beginning of the chapter (Mishnah 1) that was an Issaron and an Issaron (i.e., two different forms of the Issaron) in the Temple, one that was leveled and one that was heaped. But the Halakha is not according to him.

All the measures in the Temple were heaped except [that used for] the high priest's [minhah] which included in itself the heaped amount. The measuring vessels used in the Temple were filled up until they were overflowing. The one exception was the measuring vessel used for the high priest’s griddle cakes, which was large enough to contain without overflowing the amount that it would have contained had it actually been overflowing. We should note that this matches Rabbi Meir’s opinion in mishnah one there were three dry-measuring vessels in the Temple, one that contained a tenth and one that contained a tenth and its overflow.

בירוציהן – their heaping, for the moist also has a bit of a heaping.

The overflow of the liquid-measures was holy, but the overflow of the dry-measures was not holy. Rabbi Akiva says: the liquid-measuring vessels were holy, therefore their overflow was holy too; the dry-measuring vessels were not holy, therefore their overflow was not holy. Rabbi Yose says: it is not for that reason, but because liquids are stirred up and dry-stuffs are not. When vessels are overflowing, the obvious question then becomes, what do we do with the overflow? The mishnah states that the overflow of liquid, meaning wine and oil, is holy and must be treated as such, whereas the overflow of the dry-measures, the grain, is not holy. Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Yose disagree as to why the liquid is holy and the grain is not. Rabbi Akiva says that the liquid-measuring vessels were anointed with anointing oil, and thereby became holy. This made anything that was inside them holy as well. The dry-measuring vessels were not anointed, and therefore their overflow was not holy. Rabbi Yose agrees with the halakhah but disagrees with Rabbi Akiva’s reasoning. The liquid overflow is holy because the liquid that overflows was actually at one point in the vessel. There are various different versions of the Hebrew word that I have translated as “stirred up” but they all imply the same thing since the oil or wine was actually in the vessel, it is sanctified. In contrast, the dry overflow was never in the vessel, just on top of it. Therefore it is not holy.

מדות הלח בירוציהן קדש ומדות היבש בירוציהן חול – in the Gemara (Tractate Menahot 90a) it explains that this Tanna held that the measurements of that which is liquid were anointed whether from the inside or from the outside, therefore the rim of the utensil sanctifies them to be heaped up. The measurements of that which is dry were anointed from inside, but were not anointed from the outside, therefore their heaping did not touch from the inside in the place of their measurement it was not sanctified.

ר"ע אומר מדת הלח קודש – since he holds that the liquid measurements are anointed whether from the inside or whether from the outside.

מדות היבש חול – they were not anointed at all. However, what they measured of them was sanctified by the sanctify of the mouth (i.e., through the speech of mankind), but what did a person need anointing by mouth? When heaped up, he did not sanctify them for they did not require it.

רבי יוסי אומר לא משום זה – Rabbi Yosi held that both these and those (i.e., dry and liquid) were anointed from the inside but they were not anointed from the outside. But here is the reason, because the liquid is stirred up, that which is on the rim at the bottom of the vessel when they add to it is stirred and combined and mixed and goes up from above, and it is found that that which is heaped has already been sanctified within the utensil.

והיבש אינו נעכר – but rather it stands in its place, therefore, what is inside is holy and that which is outside is not holy.