Komentarz do Kelim 20:6
סָדִין שֶׁהוּא טְמֵא מִדְרָס וַעֲשָׂאוֹ וִילוֹן, טָהוֹר מִן הַמִּדְרָס, אֲבָל טָמֵא טְמֵא מֵת. מֵאֵימָתַי הִיא טָהֳרָתוֹ. בֵּית שַׁמַּאי אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיִּתָּבֵר. בֵּית הִלֵּל אוֹמְרִים, מִשֶּׁיִּקָּשֵׁר. רַבִּי עֲקִיבָא אוֹמֵר, מִשֶּׁיִּקָּבֵעַ:
Prześcieradło, które jest podatne na zanieczyszczenie midrami i jest używane jako zasłona, nie jest podatne na zanieczyszczenie midrami , ale jest podatne na nieczystość zwłok. Kiedy nie jest podatny na [ zanieczyszczenie midras ]? Beit Shammai mówi, kiedy jest rozdarty. Beit Hillel mówi, kiedy jest związany. Rabin Akiwa mówi, kiedy jest powieszony.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
סדין שהוא טמא מדרס – and it is appropriate to be defiled through treading, as it states, but it is not actually defiled through treading. For if so, as it is taught in the concluding section ‘of the Mishnah] “that is susceptible to uncleanness from corpse uncleanness,” let it be taught “but it is impure through contact with treading, as it is taught in the third chapter of Tractate Menahot (הקומץ רבה) [see also Tosefta Tractate Kelim Bava Metzia, Chapter 11, Halakha 9].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If a sheet that was susceptible to midras uncleanness made into a curtain, it becomes clean from midras uncleanness but it is still susceptible to corpse uncleanness. A sheet used for bedding is susceptible to midras uncleanness because it is laid upon. But if he makes it into a curtain, it is no longer used for lying upon, and therefore it is not susceptible to madras impurity. It will however be susceptible to corpse impurity as are all vessels made of cloth.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ועשאו וילון – a curtain for the opening, or a curtain for a ship. And specifically, when he made it through a change in action, but thought [alone] does not remove it from defilement that it was appropriate for it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
When does it become insusceptible to [midras] uncleanness? Bet Shammai says: when the loops have been tied to it. . Bet Hillel says: when it has been attached. Rabbi Akiva says: when it has been fixed. There are three opinions as to the exact point at which the sheet ceases being a sheet and becomes a curtain. According to Bet Shammai, once loops have been attached to the sheet, it is a curtain. To put it abstractly, it is a curtain if it looks like a curtain even before it functions as such. Bet Hillel says that it must be attached to the opening for it to be a curtain. A curtain must function like a curtain. Rabbi Akiva postpones the time a bit more. It must be fixed to the opening with nails. Abstractly speaking it must be set up as is a normal curtain with loops, attached to the opening with nails. Before that, it is still just a sheet.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
אבל טמא טמא מת – because the sun warms it (see Talmud Betzah 14a) it (i.e., the sheet) is wrapped in its rims periodically, therefore, it is not annulled from the laws of a vessel.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מאימתי טהרתו – that the law of treading is annulled from it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
משיתפר – In the Tosefta it is proven that the School of Shammai (see above, Tractate Kelim Bava Metzia 11:6) requires when it is torn and one fixes it to the measure of the opening, and one sews on it loops/couplings to hang it on a curtain or on a ship. But the School of Hillel states: “when he ties it up” and it doesn’t require tearing. But rather, one he ties on it the loops/couplings in order to suspend them upon them. And there are books that have the reading: “The School of Shammai states from when it is broken,” and that this is the reading, meaning to say, that when he breaks it and tears it in order to sew it to the measure of the opening.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ר' עקיבא אומר משיקבע – from the time that he will hang it on the opening or on the ship. And the Halakha is according to the School of Hillel.
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