Komentarz do Kelim 11:7
קֶרֶן עֲגֻלָּה, טְמֵאָה. וּפְשׁוּטָה, טְהוֹרָה. אִם הָיְתָה מְצֻפִּית שֶׁלָּהּ שֶׁל מַתֶּכֶת, טְמֵאָה. הַקַּב שֶׁלָּהּ, רַבִּי טַרְפוֹן מְטַמֵּא, וַחֲכָמִים מְטַהֲרִין. וּבִשְׁעַת חִבּוּרָן, הַכֹּל טָמֵא. כַּיּוֹצֵא בוֹ, קְנֵי מְנוֹרָה, טְהוֹרִין. הַפֶּרַח וְהַבָּסִיס, טְמֵאִים. וּבִשְׁעַת חִבּוּרָן, הַכֹּל טָמֵא:
Zakrzywiony róg jest podatny na zanieczyszczenia, ale prosty nie jest podatny na nieczystości. Jeśli jego ustnik był pokryty metalem, jest zanieczyszczony. Jeśli jego szeroki bok [pokryty jest metalem]: rabin Tarfon mówi, że jest podatny na nieczystość, ale Mędrcy mówią, że nie jest podatny na nieczystość. Kiedy są połączone, wszystko jest podatne na zanieczyszczenie. Podobnie: gałęzie świecznika nie są podatne na zanieczyszczenia, ale kubki i podstawa są podatne na zanieczyszczenia. Kiedy są połączone, wszystko jest podatne na zanieczyszczenie.
Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
קרן עגולה וקרן פשוטה (a round metal horn and a plain, straight horn) – a trumpet from the horns of cattle that are made attached section by section, but rather that one of them is made round and the other is [made] straight. But the connection of the sections of the round metal horns is hard and requires an artisan more than the connection of the sections of the plain, straight horn, and because of this, they (i.e., the Sages) said that a person who returns a round metal horn on the Sabbath is liable for sin-offering, which is not the case with a plain, straight horn.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
A curved horn is susceptible to impurity but a straight one is clean. A curved horn (perhaps a type of shofar, although some explain this to be a wood instrument) is susceptible to impurity because it contains a receptacle in which it would be possible to receive liquids. But the straight one is not susceptible, as is the rule with vessels made of bone or wood.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
קרן עגולה טמאה – that it has a receptacle. But the plain, straight horn is ritually pure, for it lacks a receptacle. And the horns have the law of the boney utensils, for their flat, level surfaces are ritually pure like flat wooden implements.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If its mouthpiece was covered with metal it is unclean. If parts of the horn are covered with metal, it may be susceptible to impurity. If the mouthpiece is covered with metal, it is considered a metal vessel and is susceptible whether or not it is curved.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
מצופות (overlaid mouthpiece of a musical instrument) – the place where the mouth is placed, and it is the narrow part of it. It is from the language of "עומדים צפופים" /standing crowded together (see Tractate Avot, Chapter 5, Mishnah 5).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
If its broad side [is covered with metal]: Rabbi Tarfon says it is susceptible to impurity But the sages say it is clean. There is a debate over whether the straight horn is susceptible if its broader side is covered with metal. According to Rabbi Tarfon, this is sufficient to turn it into a metal vessel, whereas the sages say that it is not. Only if the mouthpiece is covered with metal is it susceptible.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
טמאה – for we consider it as a metal vessel, and even though it is plain/straight, it is susceptible to receiving ritual impurity.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
While they are joined together the whole is susceptible to impurity. If the mouthpiece is joined together with the broad side, making one seamless whole, then if any part is susceptible, it is all susceptible.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הקב שלה (the cavity, the lower part of the trumpet/horn) – the wide side that is on it, if it is made of metal.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Kelim
Similarly: the branches of a candlestick are clean. And the cups and the base are susceptible to impurity, But while they are joined together the whole is susceptible to impurity. Similar rules apply to a candlestick. Its branches are not susceptible when they are separated from the whole, because they do not have their own names. The cups and base are susceptible because they contain receptacles. But if they are all joined together, all of the parts are susceptible.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
ר' טרפון מטמא וחכים מטהרים – But the Halakha is according to the Sages.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
קני מנורה טהורים – that they lack a name a name of their own, and it is taught in the Mishnah at the beginning of this chapter (see Tractate Kelim, Chapter 11, Mishnah 2), that metal vessels that have a name of its own is ritually impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
הפרח – the place where the candle sits that is at the top of the candelabrum, is called by the name of פרח/calyx (an ornament in the shape of a flower).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Kelim
בסיס – the feet of the candelabrum/Menorah that it sits on them (i.e., the base).
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