Non tornano a casa: colui che ha costruito una portineria, un portico o un portico; Colui che ha piantato quattro alberi da frutto o cinque alberi che non producono frutti; Colui che ha ripreso la moglie divorziata. Se un sommo sacerdote sposava una vedova, o un prete ordinario sposava un divorzio o una donna che era stata liberata dal matrimonio levirato, o un israelita sposava un mamzeret o una netinah , o la figlia di un israelita sposava un mamzer o un natin , lui non torna a casa. Il rabbino Yehudah dice: anche chi costruisce una casa sulle sue fondamenta [originali] non torna a casa. Il rabbino Eliezer dice: anche chi costruisce una casa di mattoni nello Sharon non torna a casa.
Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
אילני סרק – such as cedar and sycamore that don’t produce fruit.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
Introduction
In yesterday’s mishnah we learned the categories of people who are exempt from going out to battle; in today’s mishnah we learn who is not exempt.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
והמחזיר את גרושתו – and he betrothed her, he does not return to her for she is not new to him and in Scripture it is written (Deuteronomy 24:5): “[When a man has taken] a new bride, [he shall not go out with the army or be assigned to it for any purpose].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
The following do not return home: He who built a gatehouse, a portico or a porch; The three structures listed in this section do not count as “houses” and hence one who builds one of them is not exempted from war. While the structures listed in yesterday’s mishnah were not typically used as living quarters, the structures in today’s mishnah are never used as living quarters. A portico is an area encircled by pillars and covered with a roof, but it is not walled-in. A porch is an extension of the upper floor that is not covered by a roof.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
אלמנה – and a High Priest betrothed her, he does not return [to her – a widow],as it is written (Deuteronomy 20:7): “[Is there anyone who has paid the bride-price for a wife,] but has not yet married er? [Let him go back to his home, lest he die in battle and another marry her],” but it was possible. To state, and he did not take her? What is “to take her?” that she is appropriate for him to take her [as a wife].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
He who planted four fruit trees or five trees which are not fruit-bearing; Yesterday we learned that to be exempt from going out to war he had to plant five fruit bearing trees. Less than five trees, or more than five non-fruit bearing trees does not count as being similar enough to a vineyard to exempt him.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
על מכונו – tore it down and built it like the first measure, he does not return [to live in it], for it is not new and it is worse than someone who purchases it or who inherits it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
He who took back his divorced wife. Deuteronomy 24:5 states, “When a man has taken a new wife, he shall not go out with the army.” From here we see that remarrying one’s former wife does not exempt him from going to war.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Sotah
הבונה בית לבנים בשרון – it is a place whose name is Sharon, and its land is not nice for bricks and it is not something enduring for they had to renew it twice every seven years.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
If a high priest married a widow, or an ordinary priest married a divorcee or a halutzah, or an Israelite married a mamzereth or a netinah, or the daughter of an Israelite married a mamzer or a natin, he does not return home. Someone who marries a woman who is prohibited to him does not receive an exemption from war. For an explanation of this list see Yevamoth 2:4.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
Rabbi Judah says: even he who builds a house upon its [original] foundations does not return home. Rabbi Judah says that one must build a new house in order to be exempt. Rebuilding an old house on its original foundations does not count.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Sotah
Rabbi Eliezer says: even he who builds a brick-house in the Sharon does not return home. The Sharon was an area in the land of Israel that was (and still is) prone to earthquakes. The people of Sharon would build their houses out of brick, in anticipation that they would have to rebuild them twice every seven years. Since the houses did not last long, Rabbi Eliezer does not consider them as sufficient to exempt one from the army.
