Commento su Sheqalim 7:6

שבעה דברים – that he considered for them and continuing.

Introduction According to Rabbi Shimon, the decree of the court that appeared at the end of yesterday’s mishnah was one of seven things that the court decreed. The first two are similar to the decree mentioned yesterday.

נכרי ששלח עולתו – for we expound [the words] "איש איש"/”every person” which teaches that heathens make votive offerings and freewill offerings like Jews do.

Rabbi Shimon said: there were seven things that the court decree and that was one of them. [The others were the following:]
A non-Jew who sent a burnt-offering from overseas and he sent with it its libation-offerings, they are offered out of his own; But if [he did] not [send its libation-offerings], they should be offered out of public funds. If a non-Jew sent a sacrifice from overseas and he sent with it the proper libation offerings or money with which to purchase these offerings, then the libations are offered from what he sent. However, if he didn’t send the libation offerings, and it is difficult to reach him in order to ask him to do so, the libations are made with public funds. If this was a Jew who had sent an offering from overseas, evidently they would chase after him and not offer the sacrifice until he had sent the libations, or money to cover the costs. We should also note that the idea of gentiles sending sacrifices to the Temple in Jerusalem is an interesting phenomenon, and one that is described in other places. These may have been admirers of Jews, or perhaps pluralistic idol-worshippers who wished to “cover all of their bets” and therefore offered sacrifices to all sorts of Gods, including the God of the Jews.

שתהא מנחתו – one-tenth of an Ephah that the High Priest would offer each day, one-half of it in the morning and one-half of in the evening.

So too [in the case of] a convert who had died and left sacrifices, if he had also left its libation-offerings they are offered out of his own; But if not, they should be offered out of public funds. When a convert dies and does not have any subsequent children, he/she dies without any heirs. In other words, his relatives from before he converted do not inherit his estate. If he dies and he leaves a sacrifice and libations, then the libations are offered with the sacrifice. However, if he doesn’t leave money for the libations, the libations are provided for by public funds. If the person who died had inheritors, as do all Jews, then the inheritors are liable to provide the funds for the libations.

קריבה משל צבור – as it is written (Leviticus 6:11): [“Only the males among Aaron’s descendants may eat of it, as their due] for all time [throughout the ages from the LORD’s offerings by fire].” This law will be for eternity, meaning to say, from the community, from the sacred donations of the chamber.

It was also a condition laid down by the court in the case of a high priest who had died that his minhah should be offered out of public funds. Rabbi Judah says: [it was offered out] of the property of his heirs, And had to be offered of the whole [tenth]. The High Priest offers a daily minhah (grain) sacrifice of a tenth of an ephah (see Leviticus 6:13), half in the morning and half in the night. If the High Priest dies and they have not yet appointed a new High Priest to take his place, this grain offering is provided for by public funds. Rabbi Judah disagrees and holds that the offering comes from the money that the High Priest’s inheritors get from him. Both Rabbi Judah and the other sages agree that in this case an entire ephah is sacrificed in the morning and evening, instead of the usual half-ephah. This is discussed in greater depth in Mishnah Menahot 4:5.

רבי יהודה אומר משל יורשים – as it is written (Leviticus 6:15): “And so shall the priest, anointed from among his son to succeed him, [shall prepare it; it is the LORD’s – a law for all time – to be turned entirely into smoke],” and this implies that the Kohen that was anointed who died, succeeding him, one of his sons shall prepare it.

ושלימה היתה קריבה – when it comes from the community, according to Rabbi Shimon, or from the heirs, according to Rabbi Yehuda. A full tenth was offered and not a one-half tenth. Rabbi Shimon derives it from "כליל תקטר"/”to be turned entirely into smoke” (Leviticus 6:15), that he should not offer incense in halves but whole, when it comes from the community. But Rabbi Yehuda derives it as it is written (Leviticus 6:15): “from among his son to succeed him, prepare it,” that one of his sons will offer incense after his father dies, that is, the heirs will prepare it and not half of it, and the Halakha is according to Rabbi Yehuda that it comes from the heirs. But that our Mishnah states that the Jewish court instituted a condition, according to the words of Rabbi Shimon that it should come from the community. But it is not from the Torah – the Gemara (Jerusalem Talmud Shekalim 20b) explains that there were two enactments at first that from the Torah it was offered from the community, since it was written “ a law for all time” (Leviticus 6:15) as we have stated. Since we saw that the chamber was hurried, they enacted that it would be collected from the heirs. Since they saw that they were negligent with it, they established to be from the Torah, and it was found now to be offered from the community with the condition of the Jewish court that it would be established by the Torah.