Se uno si sedeva sulla porta senza riempirlo e il secondo si sedeva e lo riempiva, il secondo è responsabile, [perché è lui che l'ha intrappolato.] Se il primo si è seduto sulla soglia e l'ha riempito, e il secondo è venuto e si è seduto accanto a lui, anche se il primo si alza e se ne va, è responsabile e il secondo è esente. A cosa può essere paragonato, [(il cervo è stato intrappolato dal primo)]? A chi sta chiudendo a chiave la sua casa per proteggerla, (e non per intrappolare), e un cervo [che era già stato catturato] viene trovato sorvegliato al suo interno. Anche qui, anche se il primo è sorto, lui (il secondo) è solo come uno che custodisce un cervo che ha avuto ieri. "E il secondo è esente" nella nostra Mishnah deve essere inteso come esente e permesso (ab initio).]
Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
השני חייב – for he (i.e., the second person) hunted it (i.e., the animal).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
Introduction
The final mishnah of this chapter continues to deal with hunting (trapping).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
הא למה זה דומה – after it was hunted by the first [person], to locking [the door of] the house to guard it, and not to hunt [it].
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If one sat down in the doorway but did not fill it, and a second sat down and filled it, the second is liable. If there is a deer in the house and a person sits down and with her body closes the opening of the house, she is liable for hunting. If she doesn’t fill the opening with her body, and a second person comes and fills the opening, the second person has closed the house and has thereby trapped the deer. Therefore, the second person is liable and the first person is exempt.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Shabbat
If the first sat down in the doorway and fills it, and a second came and sat down at his side, even if the first [then] rises and goes away, the first is liable and the second is exempt. To what is this similar? To one who shuts his house to guard it, and a deer is found to be guarded in it. Once the first person sits in the doorway and thereby traps the deer, the first person is liable. What the second person does is really irrelevant, because the first person has already trapped the animal. Even if the first person gets up and leaves, and the second person is now keeping the animal in the house, the second person is not liable because she did not perform the labor herself. The mishnah compares this to a case where a person closes her door to guard it from thieves and then finds that a deer is trapped inside. There is nothing wrong in such a situation with keeping an already trapped deer inside the house.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Shabbat
ונמצא צבי – hat was already hunted being guarded inside it, such is this, that even though the first person stood up, this is not other than as a guard of the deer that he had from yesterday and the second [person] is exempt [from liability for a sin-offering] as is stated in our Mishnah that he is exempt and permitted.
