Commento su Ohalot 18:6
הַמְהַלֵּךְ בְּבֵית הַפְּרָס עַל אֲבָנִים שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לַהֲסִיטָן, עַל הָאָדָם וְעַל הַבְּהֵמָה שֶׁכֹּחָן יָפֶה, טָהוֹר. עַל אֲבָנִים שֶׁהוּא יָכוֹל לַהֲסִיטָן, עַל הָאָדָם וְעַל הַבְּהֵמָה שֶׁכֹּחָן רָע, טָמֵא. הַמְהַלֵּךְ בְּאֶרֶץ הָעַמִּים, בֶּהָרִים וּבַסְּלָעִים, טָמֵא. בַּיָּם וּבַשּׁוּנִית, טָהוֹר. וְאֵיזֶהוּ הַשּׁוּנִית, כָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁהַיָּם עוֹלֶה בְזַעְפּוֹ:
Chi cammina attraverso il Beit Pras su pietre che non può muovere, o su una persona o un animale che ha una forza che è buona, è puro. Su pietre che può muovere, o su una persona o un animale che ha una forza che è cattiva, è impuro. Colui che cammina attraverso la terra delle nazioni [non ebraiche] su montagne o rocce, è impuro. Al mare o su una scogliera, è puro. Qual è il bluff? Qualsiasi luogo in cui il mare sorge durante la sua tempesta.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
המהלך בבית הפרס – in a field where a grave was ploughed up in it.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
A person who walks through a bet peras on stones that cannot [easily] be moved, or [who rides] on a man or beast whose strength is great, remains clean. [But if he walks] on stones that can [easily] be moved, or [rides] upon a man or beast whose strength is lousy, he becomes unclean. If a person walks through a bet peras but steps only on stones that cannot be moved, or if he gets a ride through a bet peras on the back of another strong person or strong animal, he remains pure. This is because by walking through the bet peras he doesn't move any soil underneath that might contain bones. In the case of the stones, since the stones cannot be moved, he won't move anything that is underneath. And in the case of the person/beast, even though the carrier will move the soil that he treads upon, the person being carried does not move the person carrying him (because he is strong), and therefore he remains pure. However, if he walks on stones that can be moved or on the back of a weak person or animal, he becomes impure because he is considered as moving the soil underfoot. If the carrier moves a bone underneath, then the person carrying is considered as having moved the bones as well.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
על אבנים שיכול להסיטן – as for example on top of stones that are not lodged/placed and affixed in the ground and they can be moved on account of passing over them, and a human bone the size of a barleycorn is shaken from its position of strength, or rides upon a person or an animal [which cannot endure pressure and walks/treads upon them, the rider is impure, for since the strength at the bottom is bad/poor, on account of the load above, it was moved and it is as if he shakes the bone. But if if the strength of the one being driven has a strong legal right, the rider is not considered as if he shaking the bone. But how is that to be understood – that a person has a weak legal right? All that ride it and his knees and the surrounding parts knock against each other. But an animal whose strength is weak, all that ride it cause it to empty its bowels.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
A person who travels in the land of the gentiles over mountains or rocks, becomes unclean; But if [he travels] by the sea or along the strand, he remains clean. What is [meant by] ‘the strand’? Any place to which the sea rises when it is stormy. In 2:3 we learned that the land outside of Israel is considered to be impure. One who walks there is defiled. Our mishnah teaches that this includes even the mountains and rocks. We might have thought that since the dead are not buried there, that these places are pure. Therefore the mishnah teaches that the rabbinic decree that the land of the Gentiles is impure includes even places such as these. However, it doesn't include the sea or the strand close to the sea. It seems that these places are not considered to be "land" and therefore they were not included in the rabbinic decree.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
בהרים ובסלעים – even though they don’t bury a corpse there.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
טמא – because of the dust of the Lands of the Nations that is rolled there.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
בים ובשונית טהור (on the sea and on the beach/rocky cliffs – from the defilement of the soil/ground. That they (i.e., the Rabbis) decreed on the soil of the Land of the Nations to burn the heave-offering and Holy Things that touched its dust, for we don’t burn heave-offering or Holy Things that came to the sea or to the beach/rocky cliffs, for we don’t bury a corpse there, but they have the defilement of the Land of the Nations, for they (i.e., the Rabbis) decreed upon its airspace to suspend, that heave-offering and Holy Things that entered into the airspace of the Land of the Nations and didn’t touch its soil, we don’t eat it nor do we burn it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
בזעפו – where the sea rages.
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