Commento su Ohalot 15:3
חָבִיּוֹת שֶׁהֵן יוֹשְׁבוֹת עַל שׁוּלֵיהֶן אוֹ מֻטּוֹת עַל צִדֵּיהֶן, בָּאֲוִיר, וְהֵן נוֹגְעוֹת זוֹ בָזוֹ בְּפוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, טֻמְאָה תַחַת אַחַת מֵהֶן, טֻמְאָה בוֹקַעַת וְעוֹלָה, בּוֹקַעַת וְיוֹרָדֶת. בַּמֶּה דְבָרִים אֲמוּרִים, בִּטְהוֹרוֹת. אֲבָל אִם הָיוּ טְמֵאוֹת אוֹ גְבוֹהוֹת מִן הָאָרֶץ פּוֹתֵחַ טֶפַח, טֻמְאָה תַחַת אַחַת מֵהֶן, תַּחַת כֻּלָּם טָמֵא:
Botti che riposavano sulle loro basi o che giacevano ai loro lati all'aria aperta e si toccano a vicenda dallo spazio di un soffio a mano, se c'è un'impurità sotto uno di essi, l'impurità trafigge e sale, trafigge e scende. Quando è questo il caso? Quando erano puri, ma se erano impuri o sopra il suolo dallo spazio di un soffio, allora se c'era una impurità sotto uno di essi, l'intera area sotto entrambi era impura.
Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
חביות – many rows of jars [of clay], this one after that one and this over that one.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
[With regard to] jars standing on their bottoms or lying on their sides in the open air and touching one another to the extent of a handbreadth: If there is uncleanness beneath one of them, the uncleanness cleaves upwards and downwards. The jars mentioned referred to here are made of earthenware and therefore cannot be defiled from the outside (only if a source of impurity enters their airspace are they impure). The jars are found outside, not in a house or other type of ohel. They are standing on their bottoms or on their sides such that there is not a handbreadth of space beneath them. These jars do not form an ohel. Therefore, even if they are touching each other by the length of a handbreadth, impurity doesn't spread from one to the other. Even within one jar it doesn't spread because it is not in an ohel. It only travels up and down.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
שהן יושבות על שוליהן – and their mouths are [facing] upward.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Oholot
When does this rule apply? When the [jars] are clean. But in the case where they were unclean or one handbreadth high off the ground, if there is uncleanness beneath one of them, what is beneath all becomes unclean. The above is true only if the jars are clean. If they are unclean they do not prevent the impurity from entering within. Once within, it is as if the impurity is found in an ohel and it spreads from one jar to the other. Similarly, if the jars are at least a handbreadth off the ground, they form an ohel and the impurity will spread from one jar to the other because the contact point is at least a handbreadth long.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
או מוטות על צדיהן – and their mouths are from the side.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
באויר – in a garden or in a courtyard.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
בפותח טפח – with the width of a handbreadth they touch one another.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
טומאה בוקעת ועולה – to the sides it teaches [in the Mishnah]. That they lie on their sides, even facing the defilement, nothing is impure other than what is below them and on top of them, but what is within them is pure, since that an earthenware vessel does not become impure on top of it, it protects what is inside of it, and what is not facing the defilement, even that it is under them or above them, is pure. And when they sit on their rims, even what is within is not protected, because there is no interruption from the airspace inside it to the airspace that is outside of it, but the jar itself is defiled, and all of the vessels that are in it are defiled, and even if it is not facing the defilement, as we stated the reason at the conclusion of the chapter הכוורת/The Hive (Chapter 9 of Tractate Ohalot, Mishnah 16).
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
במה דברים אמורים בטהורות – for since they are pure, they are similar to boards of marble whose bottoms conceal the empty space/cavity of a handbreadth and the defilement bursts through and ascends.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
אבל אם היו טמאות – even if they are not above the ground, the upper ones which are a handbreadth above the ground bring the defilement, for the lower ones do not conceal/stop up, since they are impure, this resembles the ones folded over/doubled on each other and boards on top of each other.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Oholot
או גבוהות מן הארץ פותח טפח – they bring the defilement, and even the pure ones since they touch each other in a width of a handbreadth they are all considered like one tent.
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