תלמוד על יבמות 1:1

MISHNAH: If he wrote in the name of an inappropriate government⁶³If the document was dated by the regnal years of a king who did not rule over the place at which the bill was written., in the name of the government of Media⁶⁴The government of Media had ceased with Cyrus, many centuries earlier. An astronomer like Ptolemy could base his computations (during the reign of Antoninus Pius) on the era of the Assyrian king Nabonassar, but a legal document had to refer to the years of the Princeps in Rome or the Parthian, later the Persian king in Babylonia. or the government of Greece⁶⁵Probably this refers to any one of the successors of Alexander., from the construction of the Temple or the destruction of the Temple⁶⁶This way of dating probably was proscribed by the Roman government.; if he was in the West and wrote “in the East” or in the East and wrote “in the West”⁶⁷If the place of writing the document was described incorrectly., she needs a bill of divorce from both of them⁶⁸The situation of a woman remarrying based on an invalid bill of divorce is identical with that of a woman wrongly informed of the death of her husband who remarried based on that information; cf. Mishnah Yebamot 10:1, Notes 3–6., she has neither ketubah nor usufruct nor used clothing from either of them, and if she took anything she must return it. Any child from either of the men is a bastard; neither of them may defile himself for her. Neither man has any claim on what she finds or earns, or on invalidation of her vows. If she was the daughter of an Israel, she is disabled from priesthood, the daughter of a Levite from tithe, the daughter of a Cohen from heave. The heirs of neither man inherit her ketubah. If they died, the brothers of both of them perform ḥaliṣah but not levirate. If he changed his or her name or the name of his or her city⁶⁹As noted in the Halakhah, only this section of the Mishnah represents practice; it has given rise to an enormous literature dealing with the correct spelling of Jewish names of persons and places; cf. the Introductions to E. and H. Guggenheimer, Jewish Family Names and Their Origins,An Etymological Dictionary, Ktav Publishing 1992; Etymologisches Lexikon der jüdischen Familiennamen, K. G. Saur 1996. she shall be divorced from both of them and all the indicated consequences apply to her.
Referring to all the close relatives about whom they said that their co-wives are permitted, if any of the co-wives went and married otherwise but the relatives turned out to be she-rams, she shall be divorced from both of them and all the aforementioned consequences apply to her⁷⁴A “she-ram” is an infertile woman lacking secondary sex characteristics. Her marriage is considered non-existent by biblical standards. It is the basic tenet of the House of Hillel that if a man dies without issue and any of his wives is forbidden to any of his brothers, all of his wives are forbidden to all the brothers and are free to marry outside the family without further ceremony (cf. Mishnah Yebamot 1:1). If the relative turns out to be a she-ram, who cannot be married, the release of the other wives turns out to have been erroneous and their new marriages incestuous for those who hold that the outside marriage of a candidate for levirate marriage is incestuous (which is an opinion of R. Aqiba rejected by his successors.).