תלמוד על תענית 1:13

²²This and the following paragraphs are reproduced in Berakhot5:2 (Notes 63–86); the origin is here. The theme is that God has to be praised for rain in the prayer for resurrection of the dead during the rainy season (Mishnah Berakhot5:2, Note 62). Just as the resurrection of the dead brings life to the world, so rains bring life to the world. Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba understood it from here: He will resurrect us after two days, on the third day He will raise us up and we shall live before Him. We shall know, we shall pursue to know the Eternal, like morning His appearance is well based²³Hos. 6:2–3. The first verse of Hosea clearly speaks of resurrection, the second verse ends: it(knowing God) will come like rain to us, like late rains which pour on the Land. The verses are further discussed in Sanhedrin11:8 (Note 117), Babli Rosh Hashshanah31a, Sanhedrin97a..

Rebbi Eleazar said, in some cases³¹The Babli, Giṭṭin 24b, states that in the cases discussed here, the valid ḥalîṣah implies the prohibition of the widow to the levir and the invalid ḥalîṣah is a nonexisting ḥalîṣah which does not preclude the possibility of levirate marriage. they said that her ḥalîṣah is invalid and if he wants to go back he may go back. And in some cases they said that her ḥalîṣah is valid and if he wants to go back he may not go back. [If a woman] performed ḥalîṣah with felt slippers or for an underage boy, her ḥalîṣah is invalid and if he wants to go back he cannot go back. If she performed ḥalîṣah with a slipper, some Tannaim state that the ḥalîṣah is valid and some Tannaim state that the ḥalîṣah is invalid. He who says that the ḥalîṣah is valid, with a leather slipper; he who says that the ḥalîṣah is invalid, with a textile slipper³²Babli 102b, a statement of Rava (cf. Chapter 1, Note 21).. A shoe in a slipper³³This case does not appear in the Babli., some Tannaim state that the ḥalîṣah is valid and some Tannaim state that the ḥalîṣah is invalid. For him who holds that the ḥalîṣah is valid, the slipper is textile but the shoe leather³⁴The leather shoe with which the levir stands on the ground is removed from his heel.. For him who holds that the ḥalîṣah is invalid, the slipper is leather but the shoe textile. Some Tannaim state that one may wear a slipper of the Day of Atonement³⁵Babli 102b, Yerushalmi Yoma 8:1 (fol. 44d), Ta‘aniot 1:6 (fol. 64c). It is held that wearing a textile slipper outside the house does not protect the foot from feeling the stones on the road and therefore does not violate the sanctity of the Day of Atonement as a day of deprivation. and some Tannaim state that one may not wear a slipper. Rav Ḥisda said, For him who holds that one leaves the house [wearing a slipper,] a textile slipper, he who says that one may not leave the house [wearing a slipper,] a leather slipper.

It is written⁸⁶Ez. 47:11. Taaniot1:2 (ת)., on the banks of the river on both sides all kinds of fruit tree will grow; its leaf shall not wilt, and its fruit not stop; in its months it shall produce first fruits. It was stated: Rebbi Jehudah said, in the present world grain grows in six months and trees produce every twelve months, but in the future grain will grow in a month and trees will produce in two months. Rebbi Yose said, in the present world grain grows in six months and trees produce every twelve months, but in the future grain will grow in fifteen days and trees will produce in a month, for so we find that grain grew in the days of Joel in fifteen days, and the ‘Omer was brought from it. What is the reason? The people of Zion shall enjoy and be happy in the Eternal, your God, for He in truth gave you strong rain, early rain and late rain in the first {month}⁸⁷Ez. 47:12. How does Rebbi Yose satisfy in its months it shall produce first fruits? Every month it shall produce first fruits⁸⁸Joel2:23.. And its leaf as medicine⁸⁶Ez. 47:11. Taaniot1:2 (ת).. Rebbi Joḥanan said, its healing is that one looks at it and food is turned into medicine. Rav and Samuel, one says, to open the upper mouth⁸⁹Toothaches and any disease of the mouth. Menaḥot95a., but the other one says, to open the lower mouth⁹⁰Constipation.. Rebbi Ḥanina and Rebbi Joshua ben Levi, one says, to open the mouth of sterile women⁹¹The womb., but the other one says, to open the mouth of the dumb.

⁶⁵The parallels are in Ketubot1:1 (Notes 34–42,כ), Ta`aniot4:9 (69b l. 40,ת). Rebbi Abba bar Cohen said before Rebbi Yose: Rebbi Aḥa in the name of Rebbi Jacob bar Idi: A man may not preliminarily marry on a Friday. That means, to make an engagement feast<sup>66</sup>Since this would impinge on the Sabbath meal. It is in order to make the preliminary marriage on Friday and arrange the festive meal as Sabbath meal.. This implies that the preliminary marriage itself is permitted. Samuel says, even on the Ninth of Ab<sup>67</sup>The anniversary of the destruction of both Temples. a preliminary marriage is permitted, lest another forestall him. The argument of Samuel seems inverted. There<sup>68</sup>A similar argument is in the Babli, Mo`ed qaṭan18b., he says, God puts singles in a house; To rise on scales; they all are of vapor!⁶⁹Ps. 68:6, 62:10. This means that marriages are pre-ordained in Heaven. (Lev. rabba29(5).) And here, he says so⁷⁰If marriages are pre-ordained, why should anybody be afraid that another man could snatch the bride preselected for him? Another man might by his prayer cause the Heavenly decree to be changed, but this would lead to the early death of one of the partners of the marriage. Babli Soṭa2a, Sanhedrin22a.? That means, that he should not forestall him in prayer. Even so, it would not be permanent.

How¹⁵⁵The almost exact parallel is in Taäniot 1:3, Bereshit rabba 13(16). The text here follows the one in Taänit where it is supported by the Rome manuscript. much rain should fall that a man is required to recite a benediction? Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Yoḥanan: At the start¹⁵⁶After it was dry for at least thirty days (in the Middle East, usually for six months.), that it should fertilize¹⁵⁷The definition is discussed in the second paragraph after this one., at the end that the surface should be wet¹⁵⁸In Taänit and Bereshit rabba, “that a brick should be wet.”. Rebbi Yannai ben Ismael in the name of Rebbi Simeon ben Laqish: At the start, that it should fertilize, at the end that the seal of the amphora should be soaked¹⁵⁹Wine and oil were kept in clay amphoras (חבית) that were closed with clumps of clay. The measure is that the clay should become wet inside.. Is the seal ever soaked? But it is as if it were soaked. Rebbi Yose in the name of Rav Yehudah, Rebbi Jonah, Rav Yehudah in the name of Samuel: At the start, that it should fertilize, atthe end even a minimal amount. Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi Zeïra: It was said for fast days¹⁶⁰If there was a draught and a fast-day was decreed, when it has started to rain in the night before services begin in the synagogue, one stops and eats if there was enough rain to fertilize the earth. If they already started to recite the liturgy for fast days during daytime, then one stops according to one of the rules given above. [The Babli, Taänit 25b, knows only of the rule of fertilizing.]. Rebbi Ḥizqiah, Rebbi Naḥum, and Rav Ada bar Abimi¹⁶¹He is mentioned only here. were sitting. Rebbi Naḥum said to Rav Ada bar Abimi: Is it not reasonable that this was said for the benediction; he answered: Yes. Rebbi Ḥizqiah said to Rav Ada bar Abimi: Is it not reasonable that this was said for fast days; he answered: Yes. He said to him, why did you say “yes” here? He said to him, it is the argumentation of my teacher. Rebbi Mana asked Rebbi Ḥizqiah, who is his teacher? He said to him, Rebbi Zeïra. He said to him, but we say: Rebbi Yose in the name of Rebbi Zeïra: It was said for fast days¹⁶²The rules have been formulated for fast days only..

¹⁹⁰Midrash Cant. rabba 1(43), Pesiqta dRav Cahana Šimˋu (ed. Buber p. 118a). Rebbi Abba, Rebbi Ḥiyya in the name of Rebbi Joḥanan¹⁹¹Cant. 1:6.: My mother’s sons bore ill-will against me, (etc.) [they made me a guard of the vineyards; my vineyard I did not guard.]¹⁹²Addition from G. What caused me to guard the vineyards? Because my vineyard I did not guard. What caused me to keep two days in Syria¹⁹³Those parts of the kingdom of David and Salomon which were not part of the Second Commonwealth; its status was intermediary between that of the Land and the diaspora but holidays were kept there for two days as in the diaspora; cf. Peah 7:6 Note 119.? Because I did not keep one day in the Land. I was thinking that I would be rewarded for both, but I am rewarded only for one. What caused me to separate two ḥallot in Syria¹⁹⁴Biblical law prescribes ḥallah only for produce of the Land (Num. 15:18–19). Rabbinic practice extends the obligation to the rest of the world but, since the soil outside the Land is intrinsically impure, any ḥallah outside the Land is impure and must be burned. In Syria, some dough has to be given to the Cohen to be consumed in imitation of the obligation in the Land; cf. Ḥallah 4:7.? Because I did not separate one ḥallah in the Land. I was thinking that I would be rewarded for both, but I am rewarded only for one. Rebbi Joḥanan read for them, but I Gave them prescriptions which are not Good[and laws by which they cannot live]¹⁹⁵Ez. 20:25. He considers the second day of a holiday in the diaspora as a kind of punishment.. Rebbi Abbahu went to Alexandria and made them carry lulavim on the Sabbath¹⁹⁶In a year in which the first day of Sukkot was a Sabbath he told the Jews of Alexandria to keep only one day of the holiday since he knew the (as yet unpublished) rules of calendar computation. Since the obligation to take the “four kinds” essentially is restricted to the first day (Lev. 23:40) he permitted the ceremony on a Sabbath against the rule that in the diaspora the “four kinds” may not be taken on the Sabbath. (Cf. Sukkah 3:13).. Rebbi Immi heard it and said, who (feeds them) [brings them]¹⁹⁷The text of G [in brackets] is preferable over that of L (in parentheses). Rebbi Abbahu every year¹⁹⁸In the absence of a published calendar, the exact computation of the date of the holiday depends on the presence of a competent scholar, which is rare outside the Land.? Rebbi Yose sent and wrote to them: even though we wrote you the order of holidays, do not change the usage of your departed ancestors¹⁹⁹The action of R. Abbahu is officially disapproved of with the publication of the calendar rules. While today anybody who knows how to add and subtract can compute the Jewish calendar and there is no longer any ambiguity in fixing the holidays, the calendar rules were published by the Academy of R. Yose (the talmudic sources do not mention any participation of the Patriarch) with the explicit stipulation that they may be used only if the second day of holidays be observed outside the Land (Babli Besah 4b). {Quoted by R. Ḥananel ad40b, Roqeaḥ §198, Maˋase Roqeaḥ §93, Or zaruaˋ §140 (vol. 2 p. 211a in the edition Jerusalem 2010).}.