תלמוד על עדיות 4:7

“How much is a peruṭah? One eighth of an Italic as.” It was stated: ¹⁰⁰Babli Baba meṣia‘ 44b, Tosephta Baba batra 5:11. The as is¹/₂₄ of a silver denar; the silver denar is¹/₂₄ of a gold denar¹⁰¹In Imperial coinage, the gold denar was usually counted for 25 silver denarii.. Rebbi Ḥiyya stated: “A tetradrachma is four denarii. Six silver oboli are in a denar. Two dupondii are an obolus. An obolus¹⁰²This has to read: “a dupondius”. is two as. A pondius¹⁰³This has to read: “an as.” is two semisses. An as¹⁰⁴This has to read: “a semis”. is two quadrantes¹⁰⁵Greek κοδράντης, equivalent of Roman quadrans, ¼ of an as... A semis¹⁰⁶This has to read: “a quadrans”. The final list reads: 1 denar = 6 oboli = 12 dupondii = 24 as = 48 semisses = 96 quadrantes = 192 peruṭot (confirming the tannaïtic standard of the peruṭah as ¹/₈ of an as, Mishnah Idiut 4:7). In the Roman system, the obolus appears as a weight, rather than a coin: one-sixth of a denar of 3.6 g. is two peruṭot. It turns out that a quadrans is¹/₃₂ of the above¹⁰⁷This has to read: “A peruṭah is ¹/₃₂ of an obolus.” In the entire list, the first entry in each sentence has to be replaced by the next smaller unit and למעלה by מעה..”

MISHNAH: The House of Shammai say, a man may send away his wife with an old bill of divorce, but the House of Hillel forbid it⁵⁹In Mishnah 9:11, the House of Shammai forbid divorce except for adultery (whether or not it is provable in court). Therefore, the House of Shammai can assume that the parties hate one another and will not sleep together. But the House of Hillel, who permit divorce for any (or no) reason, must be afraid that the wife could become pregnant after the bill was written and this would put her child in an untenable position. In any case, everybody agrees that the bill of divorce is valid in biblical law.. And what is an old bill of divorce? If he was again alone with her after he wrote it for her.

MISHNAH: If somebody divorced his wife but she stayed with him in a hostelry⁹¹Greek πανδοκεῖον., the House of Shammai say that she does not need a second bill of divorce from him, but the House of Hillel say that she needs a second bill of divorce from him⁹²The reasons are explained in Note 59.. When? If she was divorced after definitive marriage. But they agree that if she was divorced after preliminary marriage, she does not need a second bill of divorce from him since he was not intimate with her⁹³They will not sleep with one another as a matter of course.. If somebody married her based on a bald bill of divorce⁹⁴A “bald” document is an irregular “knotted” document. In a usual, “simple” document, the witnesses sign on the document after the text. In a “knotted” document, the scribe will write a few lines, then these are folded, sewn together, fixed with a knot, and a witness signs on the verso. The document is valid if the number of ties equals the number of witnesses on the verso. A “bald” document has less witnesses than ties and is invalid. A woman who remarries on the basis of an invalid bill of divorce commits adultery. The rules of “knotted” documents are discussed in Halakhah 12., she shall be divorced from both of them and all the indicated consequences apply to her.