פירוש על טהרות 10:7

הזולף את הבור (if one empties the pit- of wine/oil) – he removes the wine or oil that is in the cistern/pit, and because he doesn’t remove all of it at once but rather bit by bit, it (i.e., the Mishnah) calls it זולף/pours, drips.

If one is emptying out the cistern [into jars] and a [dead] sheretz was found in the first jar, all the other jars are deemed unclean; but if it was found in the last, only that one is unclean but all the others remain clean. A person is emptying out the wine from a cistern and placing it into jars. He finds a dead sheretz which will defile the wine (and make it a bit gross, but that's another matter). If he finds it in the first jar, we must assume that all of the wine put into all of the jars is impure, for the sheretz might have been in the cistern and then got into the first jar. Alternatively, if the sheretz was in the first jar (and not in the cistern) when he dipped that jar into the cistern, the rest of the wine in the cistern was defiled. However, if he finds it in the last jar, then we can assume that the sheretz was originally in the last jar. Only the contents of that jar are impure.

ונמצא שרץ בראשונה – that he brought in a jug into the cistern and filled it, and similarly and second and similarly a third, and afterwards found a creeping insect in the jug that he filled first.

When does this apply? When the wine was drawn directly with each jar, but if it was drawn with a ladle and a [dead] creeping thing was found in one of the jars, it alone is unclean. If he draws with a ladle and pours that wine into each jar, and a dead sheretz is found in one of the jars, then only that jar's wine is impure. This is because it is possible that the sheretz was originally in that jar and never was in the cistern.

כולן טמאות that from the first, everything that was in the cistern was defiled, whether the creeping insect was in the cistern or whether it was in the jug.

When does this apply? Only when the man examined [the jars] but did not cover them up or covered them up but did not examine them; The leniencies in the previous two sections can only occur if he wasn't cautious with the jars. If he didn't cover the jars up, it is possible that a sheretz got in directly to the jar. If he didn't check the jars before he filled them then it is possible that the sheretz was there before he filled them (from the ladle). In any of these cases, it is possible to isolate the impurity to one jar.

באחרונה היא טמאה וכולן טהורות – for from it (i.e., in the last jug) was the creeping insect but not from the cistern, and even if t was from cistern, perhaps it fell into the cistern after all the first [jugs] had been filled.

But if he both examined them and covered them up and a [dead] creeping thing was found: If in one jar, all the contents of the cistern are deemed unclean. If it was found in the cistern, all its contents are deemed unclean And if it was found in the ladle all the contents of the cistern are deemed unclean. However, if he checked and covered the jars, then it is clear that the sheretz came from the cistern. Therefore, no matter where the sheretz is found, all of the wine in all of the containers is unclean.

אימתי בזמן שהוא זולף – when he brings in the jugs themselves into the cistern and fills each of them one at a time.

אבל היה זולף במחץ (but if he emptied the pit/cistern by using a ladle – to pour into the vessels) – that the jugs stand outside of the cistern, and he fills them through the ladle, and it is an earthenware vessel that is made/used to fill wine with it.

נמצא שרץ באחת מהן היא טמאה בלבד – for I could say that the creeping insect was within the jug and not in the cistern.

אימתי בזמן שהוא בודק – [when he examines] the ladle and the jugs, that he examined them that were wasn’t in them a creeping insect before he placed [olive] oil into tit, but he did not cover neither the cistern/pit nor the jugs all the time that he was bringing the ladle from this one to that one, for I could say that while he was walking the creeping insect fell into the jug, and similarly, if he covered it and did not examine also, perhaps it (i.e., the creeping insect) was in the jug beforehand.

אבל היה בודק ומכסה – that he examined the jugs, and on every occasion that he would bring the ladle from one to another he would cover whether the pit/cistern or whether the jug, and whichever way you turn, this creeping insect was in the cistern from the outset, whether it was found in the jug or whether it was found in the pit, or whether it was found in the ladle.