פירוש על מנחות 9:6
Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
חוץ מן הבכור והמעשר והפסח והחטאת והאשם – because it is written in the [Torah] portion of the libations (Numbers 15:3): “[and would present an offering by fire to the LORD from the herd or from the flock, be it a burnt-offering or sacrifice,] in fulfillment of a vow explicitly uttered, or as a freewill offering,” when it comes in the form of a vow or a freewill offering it requires libations, excluding the firstling and the tithe and the Passover offering and the sin-offering and guilt-offering that come as an obligation, not for a freewill offering, for they don’t require libations. One is even able [to bring] obligatory offerings that come on account of the Festival - on the Festival, as for example, the burnt offerings of appearance in the Temple/pilgrimage and the peace-offerings of the Festival do they would not require libations, the inference teaches us “or at your fixed occasions” (Numbers 15:3), anyone who comes on your fixed occasions is required to bring libations. But the goats of sin-offerings that come as a requirement for the Festival do not require libations, as it is written in the [Torah] portion of libations (Numbers 15:8): “And if it is an animal from the herd that you offer to the LORD as a burnt offering or as a sacrifice,” an animal from the herd was included, within the rule of (Numbers 15:3): “and would present an offering by fire to the LORD from the herd or from the flock,” that implies that all offerings by fire require libations except for [fire-offerings] that he (i.e., God) excluded, and why was it excluded? To make an analogy to it, that just as an animal from the herd is unique that comes as a vow or as a freewill offering, so also everything that comes as a vow or as a freewill offering, excluding the goats of the Festivals that come as sin-offerings, for the sin-offering does not come as a vow or as a freewill offering, for they don’t require libations (see Tractate Menahot 90b).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Menachot
All the offerings of the congregation and of the individual require libations except the first-born animal, the cattle tithe of cattle, the pesah, the hatat and the asham; But the hatat and the asham of the one with skin disease do require libations.
This mishnah teaches that most sacrifices must be accompanied by the libations of wine, grain and oil that are mentioned in Numbers 15.
Numbers 15 states, “When you enter the land that I am giving you to settle in and would present an offering by fire to the Lord from the herd or the flock, be it burnt offering or sacrifice, in fulfillment of a vow explicitly uttered, or as a freewill offering or at your fixed occasions…” The chapter then goes on to list how much wine, oil and grain must accompany each sacrifice.
From here the rabbis derive that freewill offerings such as the olah, the shelamim and the todah require libations. So too do the communal offerings offered on the festivals. However, mandated offerings, such as the first-born, the tithe, the pesah, the hatat (sin-offering) and the asham (guilt-offering) do not need to be accompanied by oil, wine and grain.
The two exceptions are the hatat and the asham offerings brought by a person with skin disease. Leviticus 14:10 explicitly states, “On the eighth day he shall take two male lambs without blemish, one ewe lamb in its first year without blemish, three-tenths of a measure of choice flour with oil mixed in for a meal offering, and one log of oil.” One of these lambs is a guilt offering and one is a sin-offering.
This mishnah teaches that most sacrifices must be accompanied by the libations of wine, grain and oil that are mentioned in Numbers 15.
Numbers 15 states, “When you enter the land that I am giving you to settle in and would present an offering by fire to the Lord from the herd or the flock, be it burnt offering or sacrifice, in fulfillment of a vow explicitly uttered, or as a freewill offering or at your fixed occasions…” The chapter then goes on to list how much wine, oil and grain must accompany each sacrifice.
From here the rabbis derive that freewill offerings such as the olah, the shelamim and the todah require libations. So too do the communal offerings offered on the festivals. However, mandated offerings, such as the first-born, the tithe, the pesah, the hatat (sin-offering) and the asham (guilt-offering) do not need to be accompanied by oil, wine and grain.
The two exceptions are the hatat and the asham offerings brought by a person with skin disease. Leviticus 14:10 explicitly states, “On the eighth day he shall take two male lambs without blemish, one ewe lamb in its first year without blemish, three-tenths of a measure of choice flour with oil mixed in for a meal offering, and one log of oil.” One of these lambs is a guilt offering and one is a sin-offering.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Menachot
חטאתו ואשמו של מצורע טעונים נסכים – because they do not come for a sin-offering like other sin-offerings and guilt-offerings. For the sin-offering of a Nazirite does not require libations because the Nazirite [himself] is a sinner, as it is written (Numbers 6:11): “and make expiation for the guilt on his behalf for the guilt he incurred/מאשר חטא על –הנפש” – because he denied/restrained himself from the enjoyment of wine.
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