פירוש על מעילה 4:3

כל הפיגולים – from burnt-offerings, from sin-offerings, and from guilt-offerings and peace-offerings.

All kinds of piggul can combine with one another and all kinds of notar can combine with one another. To remind ourselves, piggul is a sacrifice that was offered with the intent of eating it outside of the time in which it must be eaten. If one eats different types of piggul, for instance part that came from a most holy sacrifice such as a hatat, and part that comes from a less holy sacrifice such as shelamim, he is liable for having eaten piggul, if together they add up to the minimum measure of an olive. Notar is sacrifice that is left over after the time in which it must be eaten. The same thing here if the notar comes from different types of sacrifices, it still joins together to create the minimum measure.

מצטרפים זה עם זה – to consuming from them an olive’s bulk to becoming liable for extirpation. And similarly, all the remnants.

All kinds of carrion can combine with one another. An olive’s worth of carrion causes impurity. All types of carrion join together to convey this impurity, even if half of the measure is from a pure animal and half is from an impure animal.

כל הנבילות מצטרפים – and even the carrion of an unclean animal with the carrion of a pure animal, combine to an olive’s bulk regarding ritual impurity. But not in regard to flogging, for he is not flogged until he consumes an olive’s bulk of the carrion of only a pure animal, or an olive’s bulk from only an impure animal, because they are two categories/denominations, for one who consumes the flesh of an ritually impure animal is not flogged because of carrion other than because of his eating the flesh of an ritually impure animal.

All kinds of sheratzim can combine with one another. There are eight forbidden sheratzim (creepy crawly things) listed in Leviticus 11:29-30 that convey impurity at the minimum measure of a lentil’s worth. They all join together to create the minimal measure.

וכל השרצים מצטרפים זה עם זה – for an olive’s bulk, to make those who consume them liable for flogging, and the eight reptiles that are written in the Torah (Leviticus 11:29-30) combine with each other, to make those who consume them liable for a lentil’s bulk. According to the measure of their ritual impurity, so is the measure of their consumption.

The blood of a sheretz and its flesh can combine with one another. Just as different sheretzim join together, so too does the blood of the sheretz join with its flesh to add up to the minimum measure.

דם השרץ ובשרו מצטרפים – for we extend the scope/include them from Scripture as it is written (Leviticus 11:29): “the following shall be impure for you from among the things that swarm on the earth,” to include he blood of that which swarms that it will defile like its flesh.

A general rule was stated by Rabbi Joshua: all things that are alike both in respect of [duration of] uncleanness and in respect of their minimum measure can combine with one another. Things that are alike in respect [of duration] of uncleanness but not in respect of minimum measure, in respect of minimum measure but not in respect [of duration] of uncleanness, or [if they are alike] neither in respect [of duration] of uncleanness nor in respect of measure, cannot combine with one another. Rabbi Joshua now provides a general rule as to when different things join together. There are two criteria. First of all, the minimum measure needs to be the same. Second, the rules regarding their impurity need to be the same. So a part of a sheretz and a piece of carrion do not join together because carrion has a minimum measure of an olive, whereas the minimum measure for a sheretz is a lentil. A piece of dead body and a piece of carrion share the same measure (an olive’s worth) but the piece of a dead body cause seven-day impurity, whereas the carrioin causes one day impurity, so they don’t join. All the more so a piece of a dead body won’t join with a piece of sheretz because both their impurity and their measures are different.

כל שטומאתו ושיעורו שוין (all things that are alike in [duration of] uncleanness and in requisite measure)– as, for example, carrion with carrion, or reptile/creeping animal with reptile/creeping animal.

טומאתו ולא שיעורו ([in duration of] uncleanness but not in requisite measure) – as, for example, carrion and reptile as their uncleanness is similar, and both of them there are ritually unclean until evening, but not their requisite measure, [since] for carrion, the measure of its uncleanness is an olives bulk, whereas for reptiles, its measure is a lentil’s bulk.

ושיעוריו ולא טומאתו – as for example, a carrion and a dead person, for both of them defile in an olive’s bulk. But not in its defilement, for whereas defilement with a dead person is seven [days], and defilement with a carrion is only until the evening.

לא טומאתו ולא שיעורו – as for example, a dead person and a reptile, for defilement with a dead person is seven days, but defilement with a reptile is only until the evening. But with its requisite measure also, they are not equal/equivalent, for the measure of defilement with the dead is an olive’s bulk, and the measure of a reptile is as a lentil’s bulk.

אלו אין מצטרפין זה עם זה – since they are separate entities.