פירוש על חלה 1:2

יצא ידי חובתו – As it is written (Deuteronomy 16:3): “You shall not eat anything leavened with it; for seven days thereafter you shall eat unleavened bread….,” things that come to be leavened, a person fulfills through them his religious obligation of [eating] Matzah/unleavened bread; things that do not come to be leavened, a person does not fulfill through them the religious obligation of [eating] Matzah.

Introduction This mishnah continues to deal with the consequences of the fact that only these five species are considered to be grain.

נתערב אחד מהן בכל המינים – one of these species was mixed up with the rest of the mixture, such as Babylonian preserve consisting of soul milk, bread-crusts and salt and Median [date] beer (into which they put a concoction of barley – see Talmud Pesahim 42b).

If one has eaten of [these five] on Pesah an olive-size piece of matzah, he has fulfilled his obligation. Matzah must be made of one of these species of grain in order for one to fulfill the obligation of eating matzah on Pesah.

ה"ז עובר בפסח – on “lest it be seen” (Exodus 13:7) and “lest it be found”(Exodus 12:19), and if he placed it in his domain.

[If he ate on Pesah] an olive-size of piece of hametz [made of these grains], he is liable for karet. The opposite also holds true hametz can only be from these five species. One who eats one of these five species when they are hametz has transgressed Pesah. Other species are completely permitted on Pesah, save for the fact that Ashkenazim customarily do not eat rice.

הנודר מן הדגן אסור בכל המינים – for "דגן" /grain implies everything which is piled up (see Talmud Nedarim 55a) for pulse/beans/peas and seeds are things which are piled up.

If one of these [grains, having become leavened,] became mixed with any other species, one must remove it on Pesah. If one of these grains, when leavened, becomes mixed with other species, it must be removed from one’s possession before Pesah.

אינו אסור אלא בהן – for grain/piles/bread and grain are the same, and the Halakha is according to the Sages.

If one has vowed [to abstain] from [consuming] bread and tevuah (, he is prohibited from consuming these [five species] the words of Rabbi Meir. The sages say: if one has vowed [to abstain] from [consuming] dagan, is prohibited only from [consuming] these [species] only. In this section Rabbi Meir and the sages debate the meaning of the word “tevuah” which I usually translate as produce. All agree that if one vows to abstain from bread, he means these five species. The question is: what if he vows to abstain from tevuah? According to Rabbi Meir, tevuah refers to these five species. Thus in such a case he may not have these five species, but he may have beans. The sages say that “dagan” is the word used to refer to these five species. If one vows not to have “dagan” then he can’t have these species, but if he vows not to have tevuah, he can’t have beans or other types of produce either. Tevuah is a more inclusive term.

וחייבים בחלה ובמעשרות – since it was necessary to teach “ which are [those things] that are liable for Hallah and exempt from tithes, and which are [those things] that are liable for tithing and exempt from Hallah, the Tanna [of our Mishnah] taught here, “and are liable for Hallah and tithes.

They are subject to hallah and tithes. As stated above, these five species are liable for hallah. They are also liable for tithes. This note is included at the end of today’s mishnah because tomorrow we will learn what things are exempt from tithes.